Turkmenistan
Gates of the Karakum Desert
Overview
One of the world's most closed and mysterious nations, a gas-rich Central Asian state with the flaming Darvaza crater and a white-marble capital few outsiders visit.
Geographic Context
Region
Asia
Subregion
Central Asia
Land Area
488,100 km²
Capital
Ashgabat
Languages
Russian, Turkmen
Currencies
Turkmenistan manat (m)
At a Glance
13
Oyster Score
Composite index
Health
34
Freedom
5
Security
0
Life Expectancy
69.1 yrs
Median Age
26.2 yrs
Urbanization
55%
Cost Index
42
Housing Index
17
Healthcare Access
36/100
Climate
Average Temperature
16.0°C
Most Temperate Cities
1 Atamyrat 18°C
2 Tejen 17.7°C
3 Mary 17.6°C
4 Bayramaly 17.6°C
5 Yolöten 17.5°C
Cities
Economy & Finance
Society & Governance
International
Travel
Visas & Entry Requirements
Visa-Free 50 countries
Diplomatic Relations
Embassies & Alliances
Missions 19
Defence
Military & Security
Mil. Spending 2.90% GDP
Infrastructure
Energy & Transport
Internet Speed 16 Mbps
Environment
Emissions & Biodiversity
Alternatives
Similar Jurisdictions
Jurisdiction Guide
Tips & Cultural Insights
Frequently Asked Questions
Sources: World Bank | WHO | Freedom House | OECD · Last updated: 2025