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Somalia Education
Education and science & technology indicators
Overview
Education and science & technology indicators for Somalia, sourced from the World Bank. Covers literacy, enrollment, expenditure, research output, and more.
Key Indicators
Data Explorer
General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure on all sectors (including health, education, social services, etc.). It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.
Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.
Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.
Total population between the ages 15 to 64 as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.
Population between the ages 0 to 14 as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.
Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.
Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes people who are currently employed and people who are unemployed but seeking work as well as first-time job-seekers. Not everyone who works is included, however. Unpaid workers, family workers, and students are often omitted, and some countries do not count members of the armed forces. Labor force size tends to vary during the year as seasonal workers enter and leave.
Number of male infants dying before reaching one year of age.
Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
Probability of dying between age 15-19 years of age expressed per 1,000 adolescents age 15, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Probability of dying between age 20-24 years of age expressed per 1,000 youths age 20, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.
Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Number of female infants dying before reaching one year of age.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Duration of compulsory education is the number of years that children are legally obliged to attend school.
Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organization, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise.
Secondary duration refers to the number of grades (years) in secondary school.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Number of male children dying before reaching age five.
Number of deaths of youths ages 20-24 years
Primary duration refers to the number of grades (years) in primary school.
Number of female children dying before reaching age five.
Number of deaths of children ages 5-9 years
Lower secondary school starting age is the age at which students would enter lower secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
Number of deaths of adolescents ages 15-19 years
Probability of dying between age 10-14 years of age expressed per 1,000 adolescents age 10, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.
Number of deaths of adolescents ages 10-14 years
Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organization, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise.
Probability of dying between age 5-9 years of age expressed per 1,000 children aged 5, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.
General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of GDP. It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.
Preprimary duration refers to the number of grades (years) in preprimary school.
Primary school starting age is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed primary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed lower secondary education.
Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Bachelor's or equivalent.
Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Bachelor's or equivalent.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed upper secondary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed lower secondary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed primary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Bachelor's or equivalent.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed upper secondary education.
Gender parity index for youth literacy rate is the ratio of females to males ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed lower secondary education.
Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed primary education.
Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed upper secondary education.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to programs at the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment and to provide a bridge between home and school.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to programs at the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment and to provide a bridge between home and school.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to programs at the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment and to provide a bridge between home and school.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the last grade of primary school as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the last grade of primary school as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the last grade of primary school as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the official entrance age to primary education. The official entrance age is the age at which students would enter a given programme or level of education assuming they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time throughout and progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not always, the most common entrance age.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Age at which students would enter upper secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to upper secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to lower secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the official entrance age to primary education. The official entrance age is the age at which students would enter a given programme or level of education assuming they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time throughout and progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not always, the most common entrance age.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to upper secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to lower secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Number of grades (years) in lower secondary education.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the official entrance age to primary education. The official entrance age is the age at which students would enter a given programme or level of education assuming they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time throughout and progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not always, the most common entrance age.
Number of grades (years) in upper secondary education.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to lower secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to upper secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Number of grades (years) in early childhood education.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to pre-primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to pre-primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed short-cycle tertiary education.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to pre-primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed short-cycle tertiary education.
Age at which students would enter early childhood education.
Students who have crossed a national or territorial border for the purpose of education and are now enrolled outside their country of origin.
Population, ages 15-24, total is the total population age 15-24.
Population, ages 10-16, total is the total population age 10-16.
Population, ages 10-17, female is the total number of females age 10-17.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 13-17, total is the total population age 13-17.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 12-16, female is the total number of females age 12-16.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 7-11, male is the total number of males age 7-11.
Population, ages 13-17, male is the total number of males age 13-17.
Population, ages 10-18, female is the total number of females age 10-18.
Population, ages 14-18, female is the total number of females age 14-18.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 10-17, male is the total number of males age 10-17.
Population, ages 12-17, total is the total population age 12-17.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, age 17, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 10-17, total is the total population age 10-17.
Population, ages 14-19, total is the total population age 14-19.
Population, ages 3-5, female is the total number of females age 3-5.
Population, ages 12-15, total is the total population age 12-15.
Population, ages 7-11, total is the total population age 7-11.
Population, ages 12-18, female is the total number of females age 12-18.
Population, ages 12-15, male is the total number of males age 12-15.
Population, ages 6-12, total is the total population age 6-12.
Population, ages 12-15, female is the total number of females age 12-15.
Population, ages 7-12, female is the total number of females age 7-12.
Population, ages 12-16, male is the total number of males age 12-16.
Population, ages 15-24, female is the total number of females age 15-24.
Population, ages 3-5, total is the total population age 3-5.
Population, ages 14-19, male is the total number of males age 14-19.
Population, ages 7-12, male is the total number of males age 7-12.
Population, ages 13-19, total is the total population age 13-19.
Population, ages 4-6, female is the total number of females age 4-6.
Population, ages 11-18, male is the total number of males age 11-18.
Population, ages 3-5, male is the total number of males age 3-5.
Population, ages 7-12, total is the total population age 7-12.
Population, ages 12-18, male is the total number of males age 12-18.
Population, age 2, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 12-17, male is the total number of males age 12-17.
Population, ages 11-18, female is the total number of females age 11-18.
Population, ages 6-12, female is the total number of females age 6-12.
Population, ages 15-24, male is the total number of males age 15-24.
Population, ages 7-13, female is the total number of females age 7-13.
Population, ages 13-19, male is the total number of males age 13-19.
Population, ages 6-9, total is the total population age 6-9.
Population, ages 7-13, male is the total number of males age 7-13.
Population, ages 11-17, female is the total number of females age 11-17.
Population, ages 7-11, female is the total number of females age 7-11.
Population, ages 6-9, male is the total number of males age 6-9.
Population, ages 12-17, female is the total number of females age 12-17.
Population, age 18, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 5-11, male is the total number of males age 5-11.
Population, ages 7-13, total is the total population age 7-13.
Population, ages 10-14, female is the total number of females age 10-14.
Population, ages 12-18, total is the total population age 12-18.
Population, ages 11-16, total is the total population age 11-16.
Population, ages 11-17, total is the total population age 11-17.
Population, ages 13-19, female is the total number of females age 13-19.
Population, ages 5-10, total is the total population age 5-10.
Population, ages 5-9, female is the total number of females age 5-9.
Population, ages 11-16, male is the total number of males age 11-16.
Population, ages 14-19, female is the total number of females age 14-19.
Population, ages 13-16, total is the total population age 13-16.
Population, age 14, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 5-10, male is the total number of males age 5-10.
Population, ages 10-14, male is the total number of males age 10-14.
Population, ages 5-10, female is the total number of females age 5-10.
Population, ages 11-16, female is the total number of females age 11-16.
Population, ages 10-14, total is the total population age 10-14.
Population, ages 13-18, total is the total population age 13-18.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 5-9, total is the total population age 5-9.
Population, ages 10-15, female is the total number of females age 10-15.
Population, ages 5-9, male is the total number of males age 5-9.
Population, ages 13-16, female is the total number of females age 13-16.
Population, ages 11-15, total is the total population age 11-15.
Population, ages 10-15, male is the total number of males age 10-15.
Population, ages 13-18, male is the total number of males age 13-18.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 11-15, male is the total number of males age 11-15.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 10-15, total is the total population age 10-15.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 14-18, male is the total number of males age 14-18.
Population, ages 11-15, female is the total number of females age 11-15.
Population, age 19, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 10-16, female is the total number of females age 10-16.
Population, age 15, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 10-16, male is the total number of males age 10-16.
Population, ages 13-18, female is the total number of females age 13-18.
Population, ages 13-17, female is the total number of females age 13-17.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 14-18, total is the total population age 14-18.
Population, ages 10-18, total is the total population age 10-18.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 12-16, total is the total population age 12-16.
Population, ages 10-18, male is the total number of males age 10-18.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 4-6, total is the total population age 4-6.
Population, age 7, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, age 20, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, age 16, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 13-16, male is the total number of males age 13-16.
Population, ages 5-11, female is the total number of females age 5-11.
Population, age 0, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, age 6, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 5-11, total is the total population age 5-11.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, age 9, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 4-6, male is the total number of males age 4-6.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, age 25, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 7-9, female is the total number of females age 7-9.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 6-10, female is the total number of females age 6-10.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, age 3, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, age 21, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, age 10, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 11-18, total is the total population age 11-18.
Population, age 5, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 11-17, male is the total number of males age 11-17.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, age 1, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 6-9, female is the total number of females age 6-9.
Population, age 12, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 7-10, male is the total number of males age 7-10.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, age 11, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, age 13, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, age 4, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in secondary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Total male enrollment in upper secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the male population of official upper secondary education age.
Total male enrollment in primary and secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of official primary and secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for upper secondary to the male gross enrolment ratio for upper secondary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at secondary level includes enrollments in public and private schools.
Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.
Total enrollment in upper secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of official upper secondary education age.
Total number of students enrolled in vocational programmes at the secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.
Number of female teachers at the lower secondary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the lower secondary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of female students enrolled in vocational programmes at the secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of female students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.
Number of female teachers at the upper secondary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the upper secondary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Upper secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in upper secondary school.
Total number of male students enrolled in vocational programmes at the secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of male students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.
Total number of female teachers in public and private lower secondary education institutions (ISCED 2). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of students enrolled in vocational programmes at the lower secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the lower secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.
Total number of students enrolled in vocational programmes at the upper secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the upper secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.
Ratio of female school life expectancy to the male school life expectancy. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in primary school.
Lower secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in lower secondary school.
Number of female teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the upper secondary level in the given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of female teachers at the upper secondary level.
Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
Total female enrollment in upper secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official upper secondary education age.
Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
Total number of teachers in public and private lower secondary education institutions (ISCED 2). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total male enrollment in lower secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of official lower secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Total number of female students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions regardless of age.
Total female enrollment in lower secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of official lower secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at primary level include enrollments in public and private schools.
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in primary and secondary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
Total enrollment in lower secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of official lower secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in primary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
Number of male teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the upper secondary level in the given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of male teachers at the upper secondary level.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions regardless of age.
Number of teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the upper secondary level in the given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers at the upper secondary level.
Female teachers as a percentage of total secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Secondary education, teachers, female, refers to the total number of female teachers at secondary level, including full-time and part-time teachers.
Secondary education, teachers refers to the total number of teachers at secondary level, including full-time and part-time teachers.
Trained teachers in upper secondary education are the percentage of upper secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Trained teachers in upper secondary education are the percentage of upper secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Trained teachers in upper secondary education are the percentage of upper secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Female teachers as a percentage of total primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Total number of female teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Primary education, teachers refers to the total number of teachers at primary level, including full-time and part-time teachers.
Total enrollment in primary and secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of official primary and secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Total number of students enrolled in public and private lower secondary education institutions regardless of age.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private lower secondary education institutions regardless of age.
Total number of students enrolled in public and private upper secondary education institutions regardless of age.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private upper secondary education institutions regardless of age.
Total female enrollment in primary and secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of official primary and secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for lower secondary to the male gross enrolment ratio for lower secondary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in secondary school.
Total number of teachers in public and private upper secondary education institutions (ISCED 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of female teachers in public and private upper secondary education institutions (ISCED 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of female teachers in public and private post-secondary non-tertiary education institutions (ISCED 4). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of teachers in public and private post-secondary non-tertiary education institutions (ISCED 4). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private post-secondary non-tertiary education institutions regardless of age.
Total number of students enrolled in public and private post-secondary non-tertiary education institutions regardless of age.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Ratio of female school life expectancy to the male school life expectancy. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Total number of teachers in public and private tertiary education institutions (ISCED 5-8). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in tertiary education is the ratio of women to men enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Tertiary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in tertiary school.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.
The total number of students enrolled at public and private tertiary education institutions.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.
The total number of female students enrolled at public and private tertiary education institutions.
Total number of teachers in public and private pre-primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Preprimary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in preprimary school.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private pre-primary education institutions (ISCED 0.2) regardless of age. Within ISCED 0, early childhood educational development programmes are targeted at children aged 0 to 2 years; and pre-primary education programmes are targeted at children aged 3 years until the age to start ISCED 1.
Number of female teachers at the pre-primary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the pre-primary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of female teachers in public and private pre-primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of students enrolled in public and private pre-primary education institutions (ISCED 0.2) regardless of age. Within ISCED 0, early childhood educational development programmes are targeted at children aged 0 to 2 years; and pre-primary education programmes are targeted at children aged 3 years until the age to start ISCED 1.
Total number of students in pre-primary education enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body (e.g., non-governmental organisation, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise), expressed as a percentage of total number of students enrolled in pre-primary education. Within ISCED 0, early childhood educational development programmes are targeted at children aged 0 to 2 years; and pre-primary education programmes are targeted at children aged 3 years until the age to start ISCED 1.
Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.
Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
The number of female students of the official age for primary education is subtracted from the total female population of the same age. The result is expressed as a percentage of the female population of the official age for primary education. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/
Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
The number of students of the official age for primary education is subtracted from the total population of the same age. The result is expressed as a percentage of the population of the official age for primary education. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.
Total number of lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in lower secondary education.
Adolescents out of school are the percentage of lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in school.
Adolescents out of school are the percentage of lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in school.
Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.
Over-age students are the percentage of those enrolled who are older than the official school-age range for primary education.
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Adolescents out of school are the percentage of lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in school.
The number of male students of the official age for primary education is subtracted from the total male population of the same age. The result is expressed as a percentage of the male population of the official age for primary education. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/
Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Ratio of female total net enrolment rate for primary to the male total net enrolment rate for primary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Number of males of official lower secondary school age who are not enrolled in lower secondary school expressed as a percentage of the male population of official lower secondary school age.
Over-age students are the percentage of those enrolled who are older than the official school-age range for primary education.
Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.
Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Number of adolescents of official lower secondary school age who are not enrolled in lower secondary school expressed as a percentage of the population of official lower secondary school age.
Over-age students are the percentage of those enrolled who are older than the official school-age range for primary education.
Number of females of official lower secondary school age who are not enrolled in lower secondary school expressed as a percentage of the female population of official lower secondary school age.
Total number of female lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in lower secondary education.
Total number of male lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in lower secondary education.
Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for primary to tertiary to the male value for the same indicator. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Ratio of female school life expectancy to the male school life expectancy. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Total male enrollment in primary, secondary and tertiary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of primary school age, secondary school age, and the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Total female enrollment in primary, secondary and tertiary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of primary school age, secondary school age, and the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Total enrollment in primary, secondary and tertiary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of primary school age, secondary school age, and the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school.
Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school.
Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school.
Number of female pupils enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Expenditure on tertiary education is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure on education. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.
Expenditure on secondary education is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure on education. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.
Expenditure on primary education is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure on education. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.
Share of the adult illiterate population (age 15+) that is female.
Share of the youth illiterate population that is female.
Total number of males over age 15 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Total number of females over age 15 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Total number of adults over age 15 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Total number of males between age 15 and age 24 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Total number of females between age 15 and age 24 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Total number of youth between age 15 and age 24 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Tertiary education, academic staff (% female) is the share of female academic staff in tertiary education.
Total number of female teachers in public and private tertiary education institutions (ISCED 5-8). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Article counts refer to publications from a selection of conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journals from Scopus in science and engineering fields, according to the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Taxonomy of Disciplines.
Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.
Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.
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