Panama Education

Preprimary duration refers to the number of grades (years) in preprimary school.

The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed post-secondary non-tertiary education.

The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed upper secondary education.

The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed lower secondary education.

Secondary duration refers to the number of grades (years) in secondary school.

The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed upper secondary education.

Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes people who are currently employed and people who are unemployed but seeking work as well as first-time job-seekers. Not everyone who works is included, however. Unpaid workers, family workers, and students are often omitted, and some countries do not count members of the armed forces. Labor force size tends to vary during the year as seasonal workers enter and leave.

The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Doctoral or equivalent.

The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed primary education.

Primary duration refers to the number of grades (years) in primary school.

The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed short-cycle tertiary education.

The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Master's or equivalent.

The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Bachelor's or equivalent.

The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed primary education.

Population between the ages 0 to 14 as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.

Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.

Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.

The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed short-cycle tertiary education.

The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed short-cycle tertiary education.

The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Bachelor's or equivalent.

Total population between the ages 15 to 64 as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.

The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Master's or equivalent.

Probability of dying between age 5-9 years of age expressed per 1,000 children aged 5, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.

Number of deaths of children ages 5-9 years

Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.

Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.

Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.

Probability of dying between age 10-14 years of age expressed per 1,000 adolescents age 10, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.

Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.

Probability of dying between age 20-24 years of age expressed per 1,000 youths age 20, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.

Adolescents out of school are the percentage of lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in school.

Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organization, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise.

Number of deaths of adolescents ages 15-19 years

Tertiary education, academic staff (% female) is the share of female academic staff in tertiary education.

Number of female infants dying before reaching one year of age.

Number of deaths of adolescents ages 10-14 years

Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.

Number of female children dying before reaching age five.

Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.

Adolescents out of school are the percentage of lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in school.

Number of deaths of youths ages 20-24 years

Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.

Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.

Number of male children dying before reaching age five.

Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.

Adolescents out of school are the percentage of lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in school.

Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.

Number of male infants dying before reaching one year of age.

Probability of dying between age 15-19 years of age expressed per 1,000 adolescents age 15, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.

Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.

Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.

Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.

Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in tertiary education is the ratio of women to men enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.

Lower secondary education completion rate is measured as the gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary education (general and pre-vocational). It is calculated as the number of new entrants in the last grade of lower secondary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of lower secondary education.

Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.

General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of GDP. It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.

Duration of compulsory education is the number of years that children are legally obliged to attend school.

Lower secondary education completion rate is measured as the gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary education (general and pre-vocational). It is calculated as the number of new entrants in the last grade of lower secondary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of lower secondary education.

Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.

Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.

Lower secondary education completion rate is measured as the gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary education (general and pre-vocational). It is calculated as the number of new entrants in the last grade of lower secondary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of lower secondary education.

Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.

Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.

Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.

Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.

Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.

Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.

Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.

Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in primary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.

Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in primary and secondary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.

Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in secondary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.

Age at which students would enter upper secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.

Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to programs at the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment and to provide a bridge between home and school.

Number of grades (years) in lower secondary education.

Number of grades (years) in upper secondary education.

Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to lower secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to upper secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the last grade of primary school as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to lower secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to upper secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the last grade of primary school as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to upper secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to programs at the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment and to provide a bridge between home and school.

Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the official entrance age to primary education. The official entrance age is the age at which students would enter a given programme or level of education assuming they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time throughout and progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not always, the most common entrance age.

Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to lower secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the official entrance age to primary education. The official entrance age is the age at which students would enter a given programme or level of education assuming they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time throughout and progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not always, the most common entrance age.

Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the last grade of primary school as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to programs at the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment and to provide a bridge between home and school.

Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the official entrance age to primary education. The official entrance age is the age at which students would enter a given programme or level of education assuming they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time throughout and progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not always, the most common entrance age.

Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to pre-primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Number of grades (years) in early childhood education.

Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to pre-primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Doctoral or equivalent.

The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Doctoral or equivalent.

Age at which students would enter post-secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.

Number of grades (years) in post-secondary education.

Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to post-secondary non-tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Official age when students should enter compulsory education assuming they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time throughout and progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not always, the most common entrance age.

Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to post-secondary non-tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to pre-primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to post-secondary non-tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Age at which students would enter early childhood education.

Share of the adult illiterate population (age 15+) that is female.

Average score of 15-year-old students on the PISA mathematics scale. The metric for the overall mathematics scale is based on a mean for OECD countries of 500 points and a standard deviation of 100 points. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/

Average score of 15-year-old female students on the PISA mathematics scale. The metric for the overall mathematics scale is based on a mean for OECD countries of 500 points and a standard deviation of 100 points. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/

Average score of 15-year-old male students on the PISA mathematics scale. The metric for the overall mathematics scale is based on a mean for OECD countries of 500 points and a standard deviation of 100 points. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/

Average score of 15-year-old students on the PISA reading scale. The metric for the overall reading scale is based on a mean for participating OECD countries set at 500, with a standard deviation of 100. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/

Average score of 15-year-old students on the PISA science scale. In PISA 2006 the mean science score for OECD countries was initially set at 500 points (for 30 OECD countries), then was re-set at 498 points after taking into account new OECD countries. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/

Average score of 15-year-old female students on the PISA reading scale. The metric for the overall reading scale is based on a mean for participating OECD countries set at 500, with a standard deviation of 100. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/

Average score of 15-year-old male students on the PISA reading scale. The metric for the overall reading scale is based on a mean for participating OECD countries set at 500, with a standard deviation of 100. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/

Average score of 15-year-old female students on the PISA science scale. In PISA 2006 the mean science score for OECD countries was initially set at 500 points (for 30 OECD countries), then was re-set at 498 points after taking into account new OECD countries. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/

Average score of 15-year-old male students on the PISA science scale. In PISA 2006 the mean science score for OECD countries was initially set at 500 points (for 30 OECD countries), then was re-set at 498 points after taking into account new OECD countries. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/

Total number of males between age 15 and age 24 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.

Total number of adults over age 15 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.

Total number of youth between age 15 and age 24 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.

Total number of females between age 15 and age 24 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.

Total number of females over age 15 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.

Total number of males over age 15 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.

Share of the youth illiterate population that is female.

Students who have crossed a national or territorial border for the purpose of education and are now enrolled outside their country of origin.

Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school.

Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school.

Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school.

Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Total number of students enrolled in public and private upper secondary education institutions regardless of age.

Total number of female lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in lower secondary education.

Total number of male lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in lower secondary education.

Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Total number of female students enrolled in public and private upper secondary education institutions regardless of age.

Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. The rate based on completers is calculated by taking the total number of completers in the last grade of primary school divided by the total number of children of official graduation age.

Total number of teachers in public and private lower secondary education institutions (ISCED 2). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

Total enrollment in primary and secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of official primary and secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.

Number of pupils enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Total number of female students enrolled in public and private lower secondary education institutions regardless of age.

Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Number of female pupils enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Total number of lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in lower secondary education.

Total number of students enrolled in vocational programmes at the upper secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the upper secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.

Total number of female teachers in public and private lower secondary education institutions (ISCED 2). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Total number of female students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions regardless of age.

Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at primary level include enrollments in public and private schools.

Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for upper secondary to the male gross enrolment ratio for upper secondary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.

Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in primary school.

Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.

Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.

Number of female teachers at the lower secondary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the lower secondary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

Female teachers as a percentage of total secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.

Total number of students enrolled in public and private lower secondary education institutions regardless of age.

Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.

Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Secondary education, teachers, female, refers to the total number of female teachers at secondary level, including full-time and part-time teachers.

Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Secondary education, teachers refers to the total number of teachers at secondary level, including full-time and part-time teachers.

Number of female teachers at the upper secondary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the upper secondary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for lower secondary to the male gross enrolment ratio for lower secondary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.

Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.

Preprimary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in preprimary school.

The number of male students of the official age for primary education is subtracted from the total male population of the same age. The result is expressed as a percentage of the male population of the official age for primary education. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/

Total number of students in pre-primary education enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body (e.g., non-governmental organisation, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise), expressed as a percentage of total number of students enrolled in pre-primary education. Within ISCED 0, early childhood educational development programmes are targeted at children aged 0 to 2 years; and pre-primary education programmes are targeted at children aged 3 years until the age to start ISCED 1.

The number of students of the official age for primary education is subtracted from the total population of the same age. The result is expressed as a percentage of the population of the official age for primary education. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/

Total number of female students enrolled in public and private pre-primary education institutions (ISCED 0.2) regardless of age. Within ISCED 0, early childhood educational development programmes are targeted at children aged 0 to 2 years; and pre-primary education programmes are targeted at children aged 3 years until the age to start ISCED 1.

Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.

Trained teachers in preprimary education are the percentage of preprimary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.

Ratio of female school life expectancy to the male school life expectancy. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.

Trained teachers in preprimary education are the percentage of preprimary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.

Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.

Total number of students enrolled in public and private pre-primary education institutions (ISCED 0.2) regardless of age. Within ISCED 0, early childhood educational development programmes are targeted at children aged 0 to 2 years; and pre-primary education programmes are targeted at children aged 3 years until the age to start ISCED 1.

Total enrollment in lower secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of official lower secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.

Trained teachers in preprimary education are the percentage of preprimary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.

Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.

Total number of teachers in public and private pre-primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

Total male enrollment in upper secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the male population of official upper secondary education age.

Total number of female students enrolled in vocational programmes at the secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of female students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.

Total female enrollment in primary and secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of official primary and secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.

Total male enrollment in lower secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of official lower secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.

Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.

Over-age students are the percentage of those enrolled who are older than the official school-age range for primary education.

Number of teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the lower secondary level in the given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers at the lower secondary level.

The number of female students of the official age for primary education is subtracted from the total female population of the same age. The result is expressed as a percentage of the female population of the official age for primary education. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/

Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.

Ratio of female total net enrolment rate for primary to the male total net enrolment rate for primary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.

Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.

Number of male teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the lower secondary level in the given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of male teachers at the lower secondary level.

Over-age students are the percentage of those enrolled who are older than the official school-age range for primary education.

Number of males of official lower secondary school age who are not enrolled in lower secondary school expressed as a percentage of the male population of official lower secondary school age.

Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.

Total male enrollment in primary and secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of official primary and secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.

Total number of female teachers in public and private pre-primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

Total number of teachers in public and private upper secondary education institutions (ISCED 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.

Total number of students enrolled in vocational programmes at the secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.

Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Over-age students are the percentage of those enrolled who are older than the official school-age range for primary education.

Total number of female students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions regardless of age.

Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.

Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Number of female teachers at the pre-primary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the pre-primary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

Trained teachers in primary education are the percentage of primary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.

Number of female teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the lower secondary level in the given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of female teachers at the lower secondary level.

Upper secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in upper secondary school.

Trained teachers in primary education are the percentage of primary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.

Total female enrollment in upper secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official upper secondary education age.

Primary education, teachers refers to the total number of teachers at primary level, including full-time and part-time teachers.

Secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in secondary school.

Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at secondary level includes enrollments in public and private schools.

Trained teachers in lower secondary education are the percentage of lower secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.

Trained teachers in primary education are the percentage of primary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.

Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.

Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.

Total number of female teachers in public and private post-secondary non-tertiary education institutions (ISCED 4). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

Total number of male students enrolled in vocational programmes at the secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of male students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.

Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. The rate based on completers is calculated by taking the total number of completers in the last grade of primary school divided by the total number of children of official graduation age.

Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.

Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Total number of teachers in public and private post-secondary non-tertiary education institutions (ISCED 4). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

Trained teachers in lower secondary education are the percentage of lower secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.

Total female enrollment in lower secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of official lower secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.

Female teachers as a percentage of total primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.

Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. The rate based on completers is calculated by taking the total number of completers in the last grade of primary school divided by the total number of children of official graduation age.

Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.

Trained teachers in lower secondary education are the percentage of lower secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.

Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.

Lower secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in lower secondary school.

Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.

Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.

Total enrollment in upper secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of official upper secondary education age.

Total number of female teachers in public and private upper secondary education institutions (ISCED 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.

Number of adolescents of official lower secondary school age who are not enrolled in lower secondary school expressed as a percentage of the population of official lower secondary school age.

Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.

Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.

Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.

Number of females of official lower secondary school age who are not enrolled in lower secondary school expressed as a percentage of the female population of official lower secondary school age.

Total number of female teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for primary to tertiary to the male value for the same indicator. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.

Share of all tertiary graduates who completed Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics programmes in the reference year.

Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.

Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year (minus the number of repeaters from the last grade of primary education in the given year).

Total number of students enrolled in public and private tertiary education institutions in programmes on the doctoral or equivalent (ISCED 8) level.

Ratio of female school life expectancy to the male school life expectancy. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.

Number of students from a given country studying abroad as a percentage of the total tertiary enrolment in that country.

Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organization, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise.

Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.

Total number of female students enrolled in public and private tertiary education institutions in programmes on the doctoral or equivalent (ISCED 8) level.

Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year (minus the number of repeaters from the last grade of primary education in the given year).

Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year (minus the number of repeaters from the last grade of primary education in the given year).

Total female enrollment in primary, secondary and tertiary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of primary school age, secondary school age, and the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.

Share of all tertiary graduates who completed health and welfare programmes in the reference year.

Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Share of all tertiary graduates who completed programmes in unspecified fields in the reference year.

Share of all tertiary graduates who completed services programmes in the reference year.

Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.

Total enrollment in primary, secondary and tertiary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of primary school age, secondary school age, and the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.

Share of all tertiary graduates who completed Social Sciences, Journalism and Information programmes in the reference year.

Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.

Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.

Total number of female teachers in public and private tertiary education institutions (ISCED 5-8). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Total number of teachers in public and private tertiary education institutions (ISCED 5-8). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.

Tertiary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in tertiary school.

Share of all tertiary graduates who completed Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Veterinary programmes in the reference year.

Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.

Total male enrollment in primary, secondary and tertiary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of primary school age, secondary school age, and the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.

Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Share of all tertiary graduates who completed education programmes in the reference year.

Number of female graduates from first degree programmes (at ISCED 6 and 7) expressed as a percentage of the female population of the theoretical graduation age of the most common first degree programme.

Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.

Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.

The total number of students enrolled at public and private tertiary education institutions.

Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.

Number of male graduates from first degree programmes (at ISCED 6 and 7) expressed as a percentage of the male population of the theoretical graduation age of the most common first degree programme.

Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.

The total number of female students enrolled at public and private tertiary education institutions.

Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.

Total number of students in tertiary education enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body (e.g., non-governmental organisation, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise), expressed as a percentage of total number of students enrolled in tertiary education.

Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.

Ratio of female gross graduation ratio to the male value for the same indicator. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.

Share of all tertiary graduates who completed humanities and arts programmes in the reference year.

Number of graduates from first degree programmes (at ISCED 6 and 7) expressed as a percentage of the population of the theoretical graduation age of the most common first degree programme.

Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.

Percentage of a cohort of students enrolled in the first grade of primary education in a given school year who are expected to reach grade 4, regardless of repetition. Divide the total number of students belonging to a school-cohort who reached each successive grade of primary education by the number of students in the school-cohort i.e. those originally enrolled in the first grade of primary education, and multiply the result by 100. The survival rate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.

Share of all tertiary graduates who completed engineering, manufacturing and construction programmes in the reference year.

Ratio of female school life expectancy to the male school life expectancy. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.

Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.

Population, ages 10-18, total is the total population age 10-18.

Population, ages 11-18, male is the total number of males age 11-18.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, ages 7-11, male is the total number of males age 7-11.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, age 14, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Total number of female students enrolled in public and private tertiary education institutions in programmes on the bachelors or equivalent (ISCED 6) level.

Population, ages 11-17, total is the total population age 11-17.

Population, ages 5-9, total is the total population age 5-9.

Population, ages 12-15, total is the total population age 12-15.

Population, ages 12-15, female is the total number of females age 12-15.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, ages 7-12, male is the total number of males age 7-12.

Population, ages 14-19, female is the total number of females age 14-19.

Population, ages 6-10, female is the total number of females age 6-10.

Population, ages 5-10, male is the total number of males age 5-10.

Population, ages 4-6, female is the total number of females age 4-6.

Population, ages 4-6, total is the total population age 4-6.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, ages 14-18, female is the total number of females age 14-18.

Population, ages 11-18, female is the total number of females age 11-18.

Population, ages 10-16, female is the total number of females age 10-16.

Population, ages 12-17, female is the total number of females age 12-17.

Population, ages 10-16, male is the total number of males age 10-16.

Population, ages 10-17, male is the total number of males age 10-17.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Total number of students enrolled in public and private tertiary education institutions in programmes on the bachelors or equivalent (ISCED 6) level.

Population, ages 13-17, total is the total population age 13-17.

Population, ages 11-15, total is the total population age 11-15.

Population, ages 11-16, male is the total number of males age 11-16.

Population, ages 5-11, female is the total number of females age 5-11.

Population, ages 10-17, total is the total population age 10-17.

Population, ages 7-11, total is the total population age 7-11.

Population, ages 13-16, male is the total number of males age 13-16.

Population, ages 6-12, female is the total number of females age 6-12.

Population, ages 7-10, male is the total number of males age 7-10.

Population, ages 10-16, total is the total population age 10-16.

Population, ages 11-18, total is the total population age 11-18.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, ages 7-13, male is the total number of males age 7-13.

Population, ages 13-16, total is the total population age 13-16.

Population, ages 3-5, total is the total population age 3-5.

Population, ages 12-18, total is the total population age 12-18.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, ages 11-17, male is the total number of males age 11-17.

Population, ages 5-9, male is the total number of males age 5-9.

Population, ages 15-24, female is the total number of females age 15-24.

Population, ages 13-17, female is the total number of females age 13-17.

Population, ages 10-14, male is the total number of males age 10-14.

Population, ages 10-18, male is the total number of males age 10-18.

Population, ages 5-11, male is the total number of males age 5-11.

Population, ages 13-18, female is the total number of females age 13-18.

Population, ages 13-19, male is the total number of males age 13-19.

Population, ages 6-9, female is the total number of females age 6-9.

Population, age 17, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Population, ages 10-15, female is the total number of females age 10-15.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, ages 5-10, total is the total population age 5-10.

Population, ages 15-24, male is the total number of males age 15-24.

Population, ages 14-18, male is the total number of males age 14-18.

Population, ages 10-18, female is the total number of females age 10-18.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, ages 5-10, female is the total number of females age 5-10.

Population, ages 12-16, total is the total population age 12-16.

Population, ages 12-18, male is the total number of males age 12-18.

Population, ages 13-19, total is the total population age 13-19.

Population, ages 10-14, total is the total population age 10-14.

Population, age 21, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Population, ages 13-18, male is the total number of males age 13-18.

Population, ages 7-9, female is the total number of females age 7-9.

Population, ages 6-9, total is the total population age 6-9.

Population, ages 12-16, female is the total number of females age 12-16.

Population, ages 12-17, total is the total population age 12-17.

Population, ages 7-12, total is the total population age 7-12.

Population, ages 5-9, female is the total number of females age 5-9.

Population, age 19, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, ages 14-18, total is the total population age 14-18.

Population, age 25, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Population, ages 11-16, total is the total population age 11-16.

Population, ages 3-5, female is the total number of females age 3-5.

Population, ages 7-13, female is the total number of females age 7-13.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, ages 12-15, male is the total number of males age 12-15.

Population, ages 7-12, female is the total number of females age 7-12.

Population, ages 5-11, total is the total population age 5-11.

Population, ages 13-19, female is the total number of females age 13-19.

Population, ages 11-17, female is the total number of females age 11-17.

Population, ages 7-11, female is the total number of females age 7-11.

Population, ages 12-18, female is the total number of females age 12-18.

Population, ages 13-16, female is the total number of females age 13-16.

Population, ages 14-19, total is the total population age 14-19.

Population, ages 13-18, total is the total population age 13-18.

Population, ages 10-15, total is the total population age 10-15.

Population, ages 14-19, male is the total number of males age 14-19.

Population, age 2, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Population, ages 6-9, male is the total number of males age 6-9.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, ages 15-24, total is the total population age 15-24.

Population, age 15, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, ages 3-5, male is the total number of males age 3-5.

Population, ages 13-17, male is the total number of males age 13-17.

Population, age 18, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Population, age 20, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Population, ages 12-16, male is the total number of males age 12-16.

Population, ages 11-15, female is the total number of females age 11-15.

Population, ages 6-12, total is the total population age 6-12.

Population, ages 11-15, male is the total number of males age 11-15.

Population, age 4, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, ages 4-6, male is the total number of males age 4-6.

Population, ages 10-17, female is the total number of females age 10-17.

Population, ages 10-15, male is the total number of males age 10-15.

Population, ages 12-17, male is the total number of males age 12-17.

Population, ages 11-16, female is the total number of females age 11-16.

Population, ages 10-14, female is the total number of females age 10-14.

Population, ages 7-13, total is the total population age 7-13.

Population, age 1, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, age 10, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, age 12, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Population, age 9, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, age 7, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, age 13, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, age 6, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Total number of students enrolled in public and private tertiary education institutions in programmes on the masters or equivalent (ISCED 7) level.

Total number of female students enrolled in public and private tertiary education institutions in programmes on the masters or equivalent (ISCED 7) level.

Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age.

Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age.

Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, age 5, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Population, age 16, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Population, age 11, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, age 0, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Population, age 3, male refers to the male population at the specified age.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Trained teachers in secondary education are the percentage of secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.

Number of female teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the upper secondary level in the given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of female teachers at the upper secondary level.

Trained teachers in secondary education are the percentage of secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.

Number of male teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the upper secondary level in the given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of male teachers at the upper secondary level.

Number of teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the upper secondary level in the given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers at the upper secondary level.

Trained teachers in upper secondary education are the percentage of upper secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.

Trained teachers in secondary education are the percentage of secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.

Trained teachers in upper secondary education are the percentage of upper secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.

Trained teachers in upper secondary education are the percentage of upper secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.

The share of female 10-year-olds who cannot read and understand a short passage of age-appropriate material—in other words, those who are below the “minimum proficiency” threshold for reading. This measure is defined as the union of two deprivations: 1) schooling deprivation and 2) learning deprivation. A child is considered schooling-deprived (SD) if he or she is of primary school age and out-of-school. The dimension of learning deprivation (LD) applies only for children in school, and identifies those pupils who are below the minimum proficiency level (MPL) for reading, as defined by the Global Alliance to Monitor Learning (GAML), measured in standard learning assessments, and reported in the context of the SDG 4.1.1b monitoring. This “union approach” to measurement reflects the choice that, as presented in the SDGs, all age 10 children must be both in school and learning. The final learning poverty measure combines the two dimensions in a single indicator using the following formula: LP = SD + [(1-SD) x LD]

Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Ratio of female survival rate to the last grade of primary education to the male survival rate to the last grade of primary education. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.

Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Current expenditure is expressed as a percentage of direct expenditure in public educational institutions (instructional and non-instructional) of the specified level of education. Financial aid to students and other transfers are excluded from direct expenditure. Current expenditure is consumed within the current year and would have to be renewed if needed in the following year. It includes staff compensation and current expenditure other than for staff compensation (ex. on teaching materials, ancillary services and administration).

Current expenditure is expressed as a percentage of direct expenditure in public educational institutions (instructional and non-instructional) of the specified level of education. Financial aid to students and other transfers are excluded from direct expenditure. Current expenditure is consumed within the current year and would have to be renewed if needed in the following year. It includes staff compensation and current expenditure other than for staff compensation (ex. on teaching materials, ancillary services and administration).

Ratio of female survival rate to grade 5 to the male survival rate to grade 5. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.

Percentage of a cohort of male students enrolled in the first grade of primary education in a given school year who are expected to reach grade 4, regardless of repetition. Divide the total number of students belonging to a school-cohort who reached each successive grade of primary education by the number of students in the school-cohort i.e. those originally enrolled in the first grade of primary education, and multiply the result by 100. The survival rate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.

Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Capital expenditure expressed as a percentage of direct expenditure in public educational institutions (instructional and non-instructional) of the specified level of education. Financial aid to students and other transfers are excluded from direct expenditure. Capital expenditure is for education goods or assets that yield benefits for a period of more than one year. It includes expenditure for construction, renovation and major repairs of buildings and the purchase of heavy equipment or vehicles. Divide capital expenditure in public institutions of a given level of education (ex. primary, secondary, or all levels combined) by total expenditure (current and capital) in public institutions of the same level of education, and multiply by 100. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/

Current expenditure expressed as a percentage of direct expenditure in public educational institutions (instructional and non-instructional) of the specified level of education. Financial aid to students and other transfers are excluded from direct expenditure. Current expenditure is consumed within the current year and would have to be renewed if needed in the following year. It includes staff compensation and current expenditure other than for staff compensation (ex. on teaching materials, ancillary services and administration). Divide all current expenditure in public institutions of a given level of education (ex. primary, secondary, or all levels combined) by total expenditure (current and capital) in public institutions of the same level of education, and multiply by 100. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/

Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Percentage of a cohort of female students enrolled in the first grade of primary education in a given school year who are expected to reach grade 4, regardless of repetition. Divide the total number of students belonging to a school-cohort who reached each successive grade of primary education by the number of students in the school-cohort i.e. those originally enrolled in the first grade of primary education, and multiply the result by 100. The survival rate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.

This indicator uses on Minimum Proficiency Levels (MPLs) defined by the Global Alliance to Monitor Learning led by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) in the context of the SDG 4.1.1 monitoring, which established learning benchmarks across different cross-national and national assessments.

Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

This indicator uses on Minimum Proficiency Levels (MPLs) defined by the Global Alliance to Monitor Learning led by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) in the context of the SDG 4.1.1 monitoring, which established learning benchmarks across different cross-national and national assessments.

Average score on the 6th grade science assessment for male students. Means were calculated on a scale with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 points. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to LLECE reports. Consult the LLECE website for more detailed information: http://www.llece.org/

Average score on the 6th grade science assessment for female students. Means were calculated on a scale with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 points. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to LLECE reports. Consult the LLECE website for more detailed information: http://www.llece.org/

Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Average score on the 6th grade science assessment. Means were calculated on a scale with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 points. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to LLECE reports. Consult the LLECE website for more detailed information: http://www.llece.org/

Average score on the 6th grade reading assessment for female students. Means were calculated on a scale with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 points. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to LLECE reports. Consult the LLECE website for more detailed information: http://www.llece.org/

Average score on the 6th grade reading assessment. Means were calculated on a scale with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 points. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to LLECE reports. Consult the LLECE website for more detailed information: http://www.llece.org/

Average score on the 3rd grade reading assessment for male students. 1997 scores were calculated on a scale with a mean of 250 points and a standard deviation of 50 points. 2006 scores were calculated on a scale with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 points. 2006 scores are not comparable with 1997 scores. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to LLECE reports. Consult the LLECE website for more detailed information: http://www.llece.org/

Average score on the 3rd grade reading assessment for female students. 1997 scores were calculated on a scale with a mean of 250 points and a standard deviation of 50 points. 2006 scores were calculated on a scale with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 points. 2006 scores are not comparable with 1997 scores. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to LLECE reports. Consult the LLECE website for more detailed information: http://www.llece.org/

Average score on the 3rd grade reading assessment. 1997 scores were calculated on a scale with a mean of 250 points and a standard deviation of 50 points. 2006 scores were calculated on a scale with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 points. 2006 scores are not comparable with 1997 scores. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to LLECE reports. Consult the LLECE website for more detailed information: http://www.llece.org/

Average score on the 6th grade mathematics assessment for male students. Means were calculated on a scale with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 points. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to LLECE reports. Consult the LLECE website for more detailed information: http://www.llece.org/

Average score on the 6th grade mathematics assessment for female students. Means were calculated on a scale with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 points. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to LLECE reports. Consult the LLECE website for more detailed information: http://www.llece.org/

Average score on the 3rd grade mathematics assessment for male students. 1997 scores were calculated on a scale with a mean of 250 points and a standard deviation of 50 points. 2006 scores were calculated on a scale with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 points. 2006 scores are not comparable with 1997 scores. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to LLECE reports. Consult the LLECE website for more detailed information: http://www.llece.org/

Average score on the 3rd grade mathematics assessment for female students. 1997 scores were calculated on a scale with a mean of 250 points and a standard deviation of 50 points. 2006 scores were calculated on a scale with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 points. 2006 scores are not comparable with 1997 scores. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to LLECE reports. Consult the LLECE website for more detailed information: http://www.llece.org/

The share of male 10-year-olds who cannot read and understand a short passage of age-appropriate material—in other words, those who are below the “minimum proficiency” threshold for reading. This measure is defined as the union of two deprivations: 1) schooling deprivation and 2) learning deprivation. A child is considered schooling-deprived (SD) if he or she is of primary school age and out-of-school. The dimension of learning deprivation (LD) applies only for children in school, and identifies those pupils who are below the minimum proficiency level (MPL) for reading, as defined by the Global Alliance to Monitor Learning (GAML), measured in standard learning assessments, and reported in the context of the SDG 4.1.1b monitoring. This “union approach” to measurement reflects the choice that, as presented in the SDGs, all age 10 children must be both in school and learning. The final learning poverty measure combines the two dimensions in a single indicator using the following formula: LP = SD + [(1-SD) x LD]

Average score on the 3rd grade mathematics assessment. 1997 scores were calculated on a scale with a mean of 250 points and a standard deviation of 50 points. 2006 scores were calculated on a scale with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 points. 2006 scores are not comparable with 1997 scores. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to LLECE reports. Consult the LLECE website for more detailed information: http://www.llece.org/

Average score on the 6th grade reading assessment for male students. Means were calculated on a scale with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 points. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to LLECE reports. Consult the LLECE website for more detailed information: http://www.llece.org/

Average score on the 6th grade mathematics assessment. Means were calculated on a scale with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100 points. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to LLECE reports. Consult the LLECE website for more detailed information: http://www.llece.org/

The Out-of-School adjustment in our Learning Poverty indicator relies on enrollment data. Our preferred definition is the adjusted net primary enrollment as reported by UIS.

The Out-of-School adjustment in our Learning Poverty indicator relies on enrollment data. Our preferred definition is the adjusted net primary enrollment as reported by UIS.

Ratio of female survival rate to grade 4 to the male survival rate to grade 4. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.

Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.

Government expenditure per student is the average general government expenditure (current, capital, and transfers) per student in the given level of education, expressed as a percentage of GDP per capita.

Government expenditure per student is the average general government expenditure (current, capital, and transfers) per student in the given level of education, expressed as a percentage of GDP per capita.

Expenditure on tertiary education is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure on education. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.

Expenditure on primary education is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure on education. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.

Expenditure on secondary education is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure on education. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.

Government expenditure per student is the average general government expenditure (current, capital, and transfers) per student in the given level of education, expressed as a percentage of GDP per capita.

Average years of secondary schooling, 20-24, total is the average years of secondary education completed among people age 20-24.

Population in thousands, age 40-44, female is the female population of 40-44 year olds in thousands estimated by Barro-Lee.

Average years of secondary schooling, 60-64, total is the average years of secondary education completed among people age 60-64.

Average years of secondary schooling, 55-59, female is the average years of secondary education completed among females age 55-59.

Average years of total schooling, 20-24, female is the average years of education completed among females age 20-24.

Population in thousands, age 15+, female is the female population over age 15 in thousands estimated by Barro-Lee.

Average years of secondary schooling, 20-24, female is the average years of secondary education completed among females age 20-24.

Population in thousands, age 20-24, total is the total population of 20-24 year olds in thousands estimated by Barro-Lee.

Average years of secondary schooling, 55-59, total is the average years of secondary education completed among people age 55-59.

Percentage of female population age 60-64 with tertiary schooling. Total (Incomplete and Completed Tertiary)

Percentage of population age 45-49 with tertiary schooling. Total (Incomplete and Completed Tertiary)

Average years of secondary schooling, 50-54, female is the average years of secondary education completed among females age 50-54.

Average years of secondary schooling, 25-29, total is the average years of secondary education completed among people age 25-29.

Population in thousands, age 20-24, female is the female population of 20-24 year olds in thousands estimated by Barro-Lee.

Population in thousands, age 25-29, total is the total population of 25-29 year olds in thousands estimated by Barro-Lee.

Population in thousands, age 40-44, total is the total population of 40-44 year olds in thousands estimated by Barro-Lee.

Average years of secondary schooling, 50-54, total is the average years of secondary education completed among people age 50-54.