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Montenegro Education
Education and science & technology indicators
Overview
Education and science & technology indicators for Montenegro, sourced from the World Bank. Covers literacy, enrollment, expenditure, research output, and more.
Key Indicators
Data Explorer
Population between the ages 0 to 14 as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.
Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.
Total population between the ages 15 to 64 as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.
Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes people who are currently employed and people who are unemployed but seeking work as well as first-time job-seekers. Not everyone who works is included, however. Unpaid workers, family workers, and students are often omitted, and some countries do not count members of the armed forces. Labor force size tends to vary during the year as seasonal workers enter and leave.
Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.
Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.
Secondary duration refers to the number of grades (years) in secondary school.
Number of deaths of youths ages 20-24 years
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in tertiary education is the ratio of women to men enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Number of female children dying before reaching age five.
Tertiary education, academic staff (% female) is the share of female academic staff in tertiary education.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Number of deaths of adolescents ages 15-19 years
Duration of compulsory education is the number of years that children are legally obliged to attend school.
Number of male infants dying before reaching one year of age.
Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organization, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise.
Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Total number of female students enrolled in vocational programmes at the secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of female students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.
Number of deaths of adolescents ages 10-14 years
Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Number of female infants dying before reaching one year of age.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Number of deaths of children ages 5-9 years
Lower secondary education completion rate is measured as the gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary education (general and pre-vocational). It is calculated as the number of new entrants in the last grade of lower secondary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of lower secondary education.
Preprimary duration refers to the number of grades (years) in preprimary school.
Probability of dying between age 20-24 years of age expressed per 1,000 youths age 20, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.
Probability of dying between age 5-9 years of age expressed per 1,000 children aged 5, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.
Female teachers as a percentage of total secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.
Lower secondary school starting age is the age at which students would enter lower secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.
Primary duration refers to the number of grades (years) in primary school.
Primary school starting age is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.
Probability of dying between age 10-14 years of age expressed per 1,000 adolescents age 10, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.
Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.
Lower secondary education completion rate is measured as the gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary education (general and pre-vocational). It is calculated as the number of new entrants in the last grade of lower secondary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of lower secondary education.
Adolescents out of school are the percentage of lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in school.
Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.
Probability of dying between age 15-19 years of age expressed per 1,000 adolescents age 15, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.
Number of male children dying before reaching age five.
Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.
Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organization, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise.
Lower secondary education completion rate is measured as the gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary education (general and pre-vocational). It is calculated as the number of new entrants in the last grade of lower secondary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of lower secondary education.
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in primary and secondary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to programs at the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment and to provide a bridge between home and school.
Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in secondary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in primary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to programs at the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment and to provide a bridge between home and school.
Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to programs at the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment and to provide a bridge between home and school.
Adolescents out of school are the percentage of lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in school.
Adolescents out of school are the percentage of lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in school.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Bachelor's or equivalent.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Doctoral or equivalent.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed lower secondary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Master's or equivalent.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed lower secondary education.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the last grade of primary school as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed post-secondary non-tertiary education.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the last grade of primary school as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed post-secondary non-tertiary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed short-cycle tertiary education.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the official entrance age to primary education. The official entrance age is the age at which students would enter a given programme or level of education assuming they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time throughout and progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not always, the most common entrance age.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Bachelor's or equivalent.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed post-secondary non-tertiary education.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed short-cycle tertiary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed primary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Master's or equivalent.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed upper secondary education.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the last grade of primary school as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed primary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed short-cycle tertiary education.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the official entrance age to primary education. The official entrance age is the age at which students would enter a given programme or level of education assuming they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time throughout and progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not always, the most common entrance age.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to lower secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to lower secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to lower secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Age at which students would enter upper secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
Number of grades (years) in upper secondary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed primary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed lower secondary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed upper secondary education.
Number of grades (years) in lower secondary education.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to upper secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Bachelor's or equivalent.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Master's or equivalent.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to upper secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed upper secondary education.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to upper secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the official entrance age to primary education. The official entrance age is the age at which students would enter a given programme or level of education assuming they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time throughout and progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not always, the most common entrance age.
Total number of students enrolled in public and private lower secondary education institutions regardless of age.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed services programmes in the reference year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private lower secondary education institutions regardless of age.
Total number of students enrolled in vocational programmes at the secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.
Total male enrollment in lower secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of official lower secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed health and welfare programmes in the reference year.
Total number of students in tertiary education enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body (e.g., non-governmental organisation, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise), expressed as a percentage of total number of students enrolled in tertiary education.
Total number of students enrolled in public and private upper secondary education institutions regardless of age.
TIMSS: Fourth grade students reaching the low international benchmark of science achievement (%) is the share of 4th grade students scoring at least 400 on the science assessment. Students reaching this benchmark show limited understanding of scientific concepts and limited knowledge of foundational science facts. Data reflect country performance in the stated year according to TIMSS reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the TIMSS website for more detailed information: http://timss.bc.edu/
Total number of teachers in public and private tertiary education institutions (ISCED 5-8). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Number of adolescents of official lower secondary school age who are not enrolled in lower secondary school expressed as a percentage of the population of official lower secondary school age.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions regardless of age.
Total number of female teachers in public and private tertiary education institutions (ISCED 5-8). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
TIMSS: Fourth grade students reaching the intermediate international benchmark of science achievement (%) is the share of 4th grade students scoring at least 475 on the science assessment. Students reaching this benchmark show knowledge and understanding of some aspects of science. Students demonstrate some basic knowledge of plants and animals. They demonstrate knowledge about some properties of matter and some facts related to electricity, and can apply elementary knowledge of forces and motion. They show some understanding of Earth’s physical characteristics. Data reflect country performance in the stated year according to TIMSS reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the TIMSS website for more detailed information: http://timss.bc.edu/
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to pre-primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
TIMSS: Fourth grade students reaching the high international benchmark of science achievement (%) is the share of 4th grade students scoring at least 550 on the science assessment. Students reaching this benchmark can communicate and apply knowledge of life, physical, and Earth sciences. Students communicate knowledge of characteristics of plants, animals, and their life cycles, and apply knowledge of ecosystems and of humans’ and organisms’ interactions with their environment. Students demonstrate knowledge of states and properties of matter and of energy transfer in practical contexts, and show some understanding of forces and motion. Students know various facts about the Earth’s physical characteristics and show basic understanding of the Earth-Moon-Sun system. Data reflect country performance in the stated year according to TIMSS reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the TIMSS website for more detailed information: http://timss.bc.edu/
TIMSS: Mean performance on the mathematics scale for fourth grade students, male is the average scale score for male 4th graders on the mathematics assessment. The scale centerpoint is 500. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to TIMSS reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the TIMSS website for more detailed information: http://timss.bc.edu/
TIMSS: Mean performance on the mathematics scale for fourth grade students, female is the average scale score for female 4th graders on the mathematics assessment. The scale centerpoint is 500. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to TIMSS reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the TIMSS website for more detailed information: http://timss.bc.edu/
TIMSS: Fourth grade students who did not reach the low international benchmark of mathematics achievement (%) is the share of 4th grade students scoring below 400 on the mathematics assessment. The indicator is the percentage of students with achievement too low for estimation on TIMSS and TIMSS Numeracy combined. Students were considered to have achievement too low for estimation if their performance on the assessment was no better than could be achieved by simply guessing on the multiple-choice assessment items. Data reflect country performance in the stated year according to TIMSS reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the TIMSS website for more detailed information: http://timss.bc.edu/
TIMSS: Fourth grade students reaching the advanced international benchmark of mathematics achievement (%) is the share of 4th grade students scoring at least 625 on the mathematics assessment. Students at this benchmark can apply their understanding and knowledge in a variety of relatively complex situations and explain their reasoning. They can solve a variety of multi-step word problems involving whole numbers. Students at this level show an increasing understanding of fractions and decimals. They can apply knowledge of a range of two- and three-dimensional shapes in a variety of situations. They can interpret and represent data to solve multi-step problems. Data reflect country performance in the stated year according to TIMSS reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the TIMSS website for more detailed information: http://timss.bc.edu/
TIMSS: Mean performance on the mathematics scale for fourth grade students, total is the average scale score for 4th graders on the mathematics assessment. The scale centerpoint is 500. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to TIMSS reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the TIMSS website for more detailed information: http://timss.bc.edu/
Total female enrollment in lower secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of official lower secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Number of grades (years) in early childhood education.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Number of females of official lower secondary school age who are not enrolled in lower secondary school expressed as a percentage of the female population of official lower secondary school age.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Number of males of official lower secondary school age who are not enrolled in lower secondary school expressed as a percentage of the male population of official lower secondary school age.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private upper secondary education institutions regardless of age.
Total number of male lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in lower secondary education.
Ratio of female school life expectancy to the male school life expectancy. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Total number of female lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in lower secondary education.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Total enrollment in lower secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of official lower secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Age at which students would enter post-secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to pre-primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to post-secondary non-tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Total female enrollment in upper secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official upper secondary education age.
Total enrollment in primary, secondary and tertiary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of primary school age, secondary school age, and the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Total male enrollment in upper secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the male population of official upper secondary education age.
Total enrollment in upper secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of official upper secondary education age.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Total number of female students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions regardless of age.
Ratio of female total net enrolment rate for primary to the male total net enrolment rate for primary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.
The number of students of the official age for primary education is subtracted from the total population of the same age. The result is expressed as a percentage of the population of the official age for primary education. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to post-secondary non-tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed Social Sciences, Journalism and Information programmes in the reference year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to pre-primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Total number of teachers in public and private upper secondary education institutions (ISCED 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for lower secondary to the male gross enrolment ratio for lower secondary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
TIMSS: Fourth grade students reaching the high international benchmark of mathematics achievement (%) is the share of 4th grade students scoring at least 550 on the mathematics assessment. Students at this benchmark can apply conceptual understanding to solve problems. They can apply conceptual understanding of whole numbers to solve two-step word problems. They show understanding of the number line, multiples, factors, and rounding numbers, and operations with fractions and decimals. Students can solve simple measurement problems. They demonstrate understanding of geometric properties of shapes and angles. Students can interpret and use data in tables and a variety of graphs to solve problems. Data reflect country performance in the stated year according to TIMSS reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the TIMSS website for more detailed information: http://timss.bc.edu/
TIMSS: Fourth grade students reaching the intermediate international benchmark of mathematics achievement (%) is the share of 4th grade students scoring at least 475 on the mathematics assessment. Students at this benchmark can apply basic mathematical knowledge in simple situations. They can compute with three- and four-digit whole numbers in a variety of situations. They have some understanding of decimals and fractions. Students can identify and draw shapes with simple properties. They can read, label, and interpret information in graphs and tables. Data reflect country performance in the stated year according to TIMSS reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the TIMSS website for more detailed information: http://timss.bc.edu/
Total male enrollment in primary, secondary and tertiary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of primary school age, secondary school age, and the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
TIMSS: Fourth grade students reaching the low international benchmark of mathematics achievement (%) is the share of 4th grade students scoring at least 400 on the mathematics assessment. Students at this benchmark have some basic mathematical knowledge. They can add, subtract, multiply, and divide one- and two-digit whole numbers. They can solve simple word problems. They have some knowledge of simple fractions and common geometric shapes. Students can read and complete simple bar graphs and tables. Data reflect country performance in the stated year according to TIMSS reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the TIMSS website for more detailed information: http://timss.bc.edu/
Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for primary to tertiary to the male value for the same indicator. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
TIMSS: Mean performance on the science scale for fourth grade students, total is the average scale score for 4th graders on the science assessment. The scale centerpoint is 500. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to TIMSS reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the TIMSS website for more detailed information: http://timss.bc.edu/
Total female enrollment in primary, secondary and tertiary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of primary school age, secondary school age, and the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
TIMSS: Fourth grade students reaching the advanced international benchmark of science achievement (%) is the share of 4th grade students scoring at least 625 on the science assessment. Students reaching this benchmark can communicate their understanding of life, physical, and Earth sciences and demonstrate some knowledge of the process of scientific inquiry. Students demonstrate knowledge of characteristics and life processes of a variety of organisms. They can communicate understanding of relationships in ecosystems and interactions between organisms and their environment. They communicate understanding of properties and states of matter and physical and chemical changes. Students communicate understanding of Earth’s physical characteristics, processes, and history and show knowledge of Earth’s revolution and rotation. Data reflect country performance in the stated year according to TIMSS reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the TIMSS website for more detailed information: http://timss.bc.edu/
Total male enrollment in primary and secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of official primary and secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
TIMSS: Fourth grade students who did not reach the low international benchmark of science achievement (%) is the share of 4th grade students scoring below 400 on the science assessment. The indicator is the percentage of students with achievement too low for estimation. Students were considered to have achievement too low for estimation if their performance on the assessment was no better than could be achieved by simply guessing on the multiple-choice assessment items. Data reflect country performance in the stated year according to TIMSS reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the TIMSS website for more detailed information: http://timss.bc.edu/
Total female enrollment in primary and secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of official primary and secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
TIMSS: Mean performance on the science scale for fourth grade students, female is the average scale score for female 4th graders on the science assessment. The scale centerpoint is 500. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to TIMSS reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the TIMSS website for more detailed information: http://timss.bc.edu/
Number of grades (years) in post-secondary education.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private tertiary education institutions in programmes on the doctoral or equivalent (ISCED 8) level.
TIMSS: Mean performance on the science scale for fourth grade students, male is the average scale score for male 4th graders on the science assessment. The scale centerpoint is 500. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to TIMSS reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the TIMSS website for more detailed information: http://timss.bc.edu/
Total number of students enrolled in public and private tertiary education institutions in programmes on the doctoral or equivalent (ISCED 8) level.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private tertiary education institutions in programmes on the masters or equivalent (ISCED 7) level.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed humanities and arts programmes in the reference year.
Total number of students enrolled in public and private tertiary education institutions in programmes on the masters or equivalent (ISCED 7) level.
Total number of teachers in public and private post-secondary non-tertiary education institutions (ISCED 4). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private tertiary education institutions in programmes on the bachelors or equivalent (ISCED 6) level.
Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Official age when students should enter compulsory education assuming they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time throughout and progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not always, the most common entrance age.
Total enrollment in primary and secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of official primary and secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Total number of students enrolled in public and private tertiary education institutions in programmes on the bachelors or equivalent (ISCED 6) level.
Age at which students would enter early childhood education.
Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Ratio of female school life expectancy to the male school life expectancy. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Total number of female teachers in public and private upper secondary education institutions (ISCED 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of female teachers in public and private post-secondary non-tertiary education institutions (ISCED 4). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to post-secondary non-tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Number of graduates from first degree programmes (at ISCED 6 and 7) expressed as a percentage of the population of the theoretical graduation age of the most common first degree programme.
Number of male graduates from first degree programmes (at ISCED 6 and 7) expressed as a percentage of the male population of the theoretical graduation age of the most common first degree programme.
Total number of students enrolled in public and private pre-primary education institutions (ISCED 0.2) regardless of age. Within ISCED 0, early childhood educational development programmes are targeted at children aged 0 to 2 years; and pre-primary education programmes are targeted at children aged 3 years until the age to start ISCED 1.
Ratio of female school life expectancy to the male school life expectancy. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private pre-primary education institutions (ISCED 0.2) regardless of age. Within ISCED 0, early childhood educational development programmes are targeted at children aged 0 to 2 years; and pre-primary education programmes are targeted at children aged 3 years until the age to start ISCED 1.
Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of female graduates from first degree programmes (at ISCED 6 and 7) expressed as a percentage of the female population of the theoretical graduation age of the most common first degree programme.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of female pupils enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Veterinary programmes in the reference year.
Number of pupils enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed education programmes in the reference year.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed engineering, manufacturing and construction programmes in the reference year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Total number of students in pre-primary education enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body (e.g., non-governmental organisation, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise), expressed as a percentage of total number of students enrolled in pre-primary education. Within ISCED 0, early childhood educational development programmes are targeted at children aged 0 to 2 years; and pre-primary education programmes are targeted at children aged 3 years until the age to start ISCED 1.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed programmes in unspecified fields in the reference year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Total number of lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in lower secondary education.
The total number of female students enrolled at public and private tertiary education institutions.
The total number of students enrolled at public and private tertiary education institutions.
Total number of students enrolled in vocational programmes at the upper secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the upper secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.
Ratio of female gross graduation ratio to the male value for the same indicator. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Number of female teachers at the post-secondary non-tertiary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the post-secondary non-tertiary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Number of female teachers at the upper secondary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the upper secondary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics programmes in the reference year.
Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for upper secondary to the male gross enrolment ratio for upper secondary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Average score of 15-year-old male students on the PISA reading scale. The metric for the overall reading scale is based on a mean for participating OECD countries set at 500, with a standard deviation of 100. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/
Average score of 15-year-old female students on the PISA science scale. In PISA 2006 the mean science score for OECD countries was initially set at 500 points (for 30 OECD countries), then was re-set at 498 points after taking into account new OECD countries. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/
Average score of 15-year-old male students on the PISA science scale. In PISA 2006 the mean science score for OECD countries was initially set at 500 points (for 30 OECD countries), then was re-set at 498 points after taking into account new OECD countries. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/
Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Students who have crossed a national or territorial border for the purpose of education and are now enrolled outside their country of origin.
Share of the adult illiterate population (age 15+) that is female.
Share of the youth illiterate population that is female.
Total number of males over age 15 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Total number of females over age 15 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Total number of adults over age 15 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Total number of males between age 15 and age 24 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Total number of females between age 15 and age 24 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Total number of youth between age 15 and age 24 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age.
Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age.
Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age.
Over-age students are the percentage of those enrolled who are older than the official school-age range for primary education.
Over-age students are the percentage of those enrolled who are older than the official school-age range for primary education.
Over-age students are the percentage of those enrolled who are older than the official school-age range for primary education.
Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Tertiary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in tertiary school.
Average score of 15-year-old students on the PISA mathematics scale. The metric for the overall mathematics scale is based on a mean for OECD countries of 500 points and a standard deviation of 100 points. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/
Average score of 15-year-old female students on the PISA reading scale. The metric for the overall reading scale is based on a mean for participating OECD countries set at 500, with a standard deviation of 100. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Doctoral or equivalent.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Doctoral or equivalent.
Number of students from a given country studying abroad as a percentage of the total tertiary enrolment in that country.
Average score of 15-year-old female students on the PISA mathematics scale. The metric for the overall mathematics scale is based on a mean for OECD countries of 500 points and a standard deviation of 100 points. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/
Average score of 15-year-old male students on the PISA mathematics scale. The metric for the overall mathematics scale is based on a mean for OECD countries of 500 points and a standard deviation of 100 points. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/
Average score of 15-year-old students on the PISA reading scale. The metric for the overall reading scale is based on a mean for participating OECD countries set at 500, with a standard deviation of 100. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/
Average score of 15-year-old students on the PISA science scale. In PISA 2006 the mean science score for OECD countries was initially set at 500 points (for 30 OECD countries), then was re-set at 498 points after taking into account new OECD countries. Data reflects country performance in the stated year according to PISA reports, but may not be comparable across years or countries. Consult the PISA website for more detailed information: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/
Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Gender parity index for youth literacy rate is the ratio of females to males ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. The rate based on completers is calculated by taking the total number of completers in the last grade of primary school divided by the total number of children of official graduation age.
Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. The rate based on completers is calculated by taking the total number of completers in the last grade of primary school divided by the total number of children of official graduation age.
Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. The rate based on completers is calculated by taking the total number of completers in the last grade of primary school divided by the total number of children of official graduation age.
Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at primary level include enrollments in public and private schools.
Percentage of a cohort of students enrolled in the first grade of primary education in a given school year who are expected to reach grade 4, regardless of repetition. Divide the total number of students belonging to a school-cohort who reached each successive grade of primary education by the number of students in the school-cohort i.e. those originally enrolled in the first grade of primary education, and multiply the result by 100. The survival rate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school.
Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school.
Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school.
Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at secondary level includes enrollments in public and private schools.
Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
Total number of male students enrolled in vocational programmes at the secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of male students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.
Upper secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in upper secondary school.
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.
Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Ratio of female survival rate to grade 5 to the male survival rate to grade 5. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Ratio of female survival rate to the last grade of primary education to the male survival rate to the last grade of primary education. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Ratio of female survival rate to grade 4 to the male survival rate to grade 4. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
The number of male students of the official age for primary education is subtracted from the total male population of the same age. The result is expressed as a percentage of the male population of the official age for primary education. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/
The number of female students of the official age for primary education is subtracted from the total female population of the same age. The result is expressed as a percentage of the female population of the official age for primary education. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/
Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Percentage of a cohort of male students enrolled in the first grade of primary education in a given school year who are expected to reach grade 4, regardless of repetition. Divide the total number of students belonging to a school-cohort who reached each successive grade of primary education by the number of students in the school-cohort i.e. those originally enrolled in the first grade of primary education, and multiply the result by 100. The survival rate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year (minus the number of repeaters from the last grade of primary education in the given year).
Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year (minus the number of repeaters from the last grade of primary education in the given year).
Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year (minus the number of repeaters from the last grade of primary education in the given year).
Percentage of a cohort of female students enrolled in the first grade of primary education in a given school year who are expected to reach grade 4, regardless of repetition. Divide the total number of students belonging to a school-cohort who reached each successive grade of primary education by the number of students in the school-cohort i.e. those originally enrolled in the first grade of primary education, and multiply the result by 100. The survival rate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.
Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.
Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.
Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Preprimary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in preprimary school.
Total number of teachers in public and private pre-primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of female teachers in public and private pre-primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Number of female teachers at the pre-primary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the pre-primary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Charges for the use of proprietary rights (such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, industrial processes and designs including trade secrets, franchises), and charges for licenses to reproduce or distribute (or both) intellectual property embodied in produced originals or prototypes (such as copyrights on books and manuscripts, computer software, cinematographic works, and sound recordings) and related rights (such as for live performances and television, cable, or satellite broadcast). This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Charges for the use of proprietary rights (such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, industrial processes and designs including trade secrets, franchises), and charges for licenses to reproduce or distribute (or both) intellectual property embodied in produced originals or prototypes (such as copyrights on books and manuscripts, computer software, cinematographic works, and sound recordings) and related rights (such as for live performances and television, cable, or satellite broadcast). This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery.
High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery.
Article counts refer to publications from a selection of conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journals from Scopus in science and engineering fields, according to the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Taxonomy of Disciplines.
Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.
The number of researchers engaged in Research &Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Researchers are professionals who conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models techniques instrumentation, software of operational methods. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
The number of technicians participated in Research & Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Technicians and equivalent staff are people who perform scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods, normally under the supervision of researchers. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.
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