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Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bridges and Mountains, Sarajevo Spirit
Overview
A Balkan nation of stunning river valleys and Ottoman-era bridges, still healing from 1990s conflict while building a multicultural identity across its two governing entities.
Geographic Context
Region
Europe
Subregion
Southeast Europe
Land Area
51,209 km²
Capital
Sarajevo
Languages
Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
Currencies
Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark (KM)
At a Glance
54
Oyster Score
Composite index
Health
51
Freedom
66
Security
44
Life Expectancy
74.8 yrs
Median Age
44.9 yrs
Urbanization
51%
Cost Index
41
Housing Index
19
Healthcare Access
58/100
Climate
Average Temperature
10.4°C
Average AQI
79
Most Temperate Cities
1 Trebinje 16.8°C
2 Čapljina 15.8°C
3 Čitluk 15.8°C
4 Bijeljina 12.3°C
5 Domaljevac 12.1°C
Best Air Quality Cities
1 Starcevica 15 AQI
2 Piskavica 15 AQI
3 Opština Oštra Luka 15 AQI
4 Mejdan - Obilićevo 15 AQI
5 Hiseti 15 AQI
Cities
Drežnica Stjepan-Polje Solina Polje-Bijela Otoka Omanjska Kanton Sarajevo Jezerski Hercegovačko-Neretvanski Kanton Domaljevac Gornji Vakuf Gornje Živinice
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Gorica Starcevica Piskavica Opština Višegrad Opština Oštra Luka Mejdan - Obilićevo Koran Hiseti Voljevac Ustikolina Sarajevo Banja Luka Zenica Tuzla Mostar Prijedor Doboj Zvornik Bihać Travnik Lukavac Sanski Most Bijeljina Visoko Brčko Kakanj Žepče Trebinje Čapljina Vitez Hadžići Banovići Cazin Čitluk Čelinac Konjic Gračanica Gradačac Bugojno Bosanska Krupa Zavidovići Donji Vakuf Derventa Goražde Foča Jajce Višegrad Livno Gradiška Stijena Bileća Modriča Novi Grad Novi Travnik Ljubuški Todorovo Široki Brijeg Sokolac Mionica Kiseljak Mrkonjić Grad Tomislavgrad Stolac Kotor Varoš Tešanj Pale Maglaj Divičani Bužim Vareš Teslić Vrnograč Kladanj Podzvizd Tržačka Raštela Tojšići Varoška Rijeka Pećigrad Gromiljak Jablanica Mala Kladuša Ilijaš Gostovići Podhum Crnići Željezno Polje Trn Tešanjka Bosansko Grahovo Orahovica Donja Janja Ostrožac Laktaši Jelah Šamac Mahala Kačuni Šturlić Šumatac Rogatica Ključ Gornja Tuzla Dubrave Gornje Pazarić Busovača Turbe Gornja Koprivna Velika Kladuša Vlasenica Novi Šeher Bila Vitina Orguz Sladna Zabrišće Ljubinje Neum Lukavica Radišići Pajić Polje Glamoč Hotonj Gornje Moštre Dobrinje Gnojnica Velika Obarska Lokvine Mramor Šipovo Rumboci Kostajnica Dubrave Donje Donja Međiđa Gornja Breza Drvar Donja Mahala Karadaglije Kobilja Glava Šerići Orašje Skokovi Pjanići Vukovije Donje Kočerin Bijela Puračić Bosanski Petrovac Gacko Rodoč Prozor Olovo Cim Omarska Srebrenica Srbac Drinovci Ilići Pelagićevo Obudovac Potoci Brka Petkovci Tasovčići Maslovare Rudo Dvorovi Čečava Maglajani Lamovita Šekovići Donja Dubica Balatun Priboj Orašac Sanica Pribinić Krupa na Vrbasu Popovi Svodna Marićka Stanari Izačić Dobrljin Oštra Luka Podbrdo Živinice Živinice Bronzani Majdan Vidoši Ugljevik Velagići Knežica Zborište Istočni Mostar Kalenderovci Donji Breza Fojnica Dubravica Kovači Sapna Kozarska Dubica Liješnica Lopare Kneževo Milići Nevesinje Ćoralići Barice Grude Čajniče Brod Blatnica Malešići Blagaj Odžak Srebrenik Vogošća Čelić Peći Polje
Economy & Finance
Finances
Economic Indicators
Cost Index 41
Cost of Living
Price Levels & Affordability
Housing Index 19
Investment
Credit Rating & Markets
Corp. Tax 10.00%
Taxation
Tax Rates & Compliance
Top Income Tax 10.00%
Employment
Labor & Social Protection
Startup Score 15/100
Business Environment
Trade & Commerce
FDI Openness 18/100
Society & Governance
International
Travel
Visas & Entry Requirements
Visa-Free 108 countries
Diplomatic Relations
Embassies & Alliances
Missions 46
Defence
Military & Security
Mil. Spending 0.81% GDP
Infrastructure
Energy & Transport
Internet Speed 38 Mbps
Environment
Emissions & Biodiversity
Alternatives
Similar Jurisdictions
Jurisdiction Guide
Tips & Cultural Insights
Frequently Asked Questions
Sources: World Bank | WHO | Freedom House | OECD · Last updated: 2025
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