Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bridges and Mountains, Sarajevo Spirit
Overview
A Balkan nation of stunning river valleys and Ottoman-era bridges, still healing from 1990s conflict while building a multicultural identity across its two governing entities.
Geographic Context
Region
Europe
Subregion
Southeast Europe
Land Area
51,209 km²
Capital
Sarajevo
Languages
Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
Currencies
Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark (KM)
At a Glance
54
Oyster Score
Composite index
Health
51
Freedom
66
Security
44
Life Expectancy
74.8 yrs
Median Age
44.9 yrs
Urbanization
51%
Cost Index
41
Housing Index
19
Healthcare Access
58/100
Climate
Average Temperature
10.4°C
Average AQI
79
Most Temperate Cities
1 Trebinje 16.8°C
2 Čapljina 15.8°C
3 Čitluk 15.8°C
4 Bijeljina 12.3°C
5 Domaljevac 12.1°C
Best Air Quality Cities
1 Starcevica 15 AQI
2 Piskavica 15 AQI
3 Opština Oštra Luka 15 AQI
4 Mejdan - Obilićevo 15 AQI
5 Hiseti 15 AQI
Cities
Economy & Finance
Finances
Economic Indicators
Cost Index 41
Cost of Living
Price Levels & Affordability
Housing Index 19
Investment
Credit Rating & Markets
Corp. Tax 10.00%
Taxation
Tax Rates & Compliance
Top Income Tax 10.00%
Employment
Labor & Social Protection
Startup Score 15/100
Business Environment
Trade & Commerce
FDI Openness 18/100
Society & Governance
International
Travel
Visas & Entry Requirements
Visa-Free 108 countries
Diplomatic Relations
Embassies & Alliances
Missions 46
Defence
Military & Security
Mil. Spending 0.81% GDP
Infrastructure
Energy & Transport
Internet Speed 38 Mbps
Environment
Emissions & Biodiversity
Alternatives
Similar Jurisdictions
Jurisdiction Guide
Tips & Cultural Insights
Frequently Asked Questions
Sources: World Bank | WHO | Freedom House | OECD · Last updated: 2025