Bosnia and Herzegovina flag Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bridges and Mountains, Sarajevo Spirit

Overview

A Balkan nation of stunning river valleys and Ottoman-era bridges, still healing from 1990s conflict while building a multicultural identity across its two governing entities.

Geographic Context

Region
Europe
Subregion
Southeast Europe
Land Area
51,209 km²
Capital
Sarajevo
Languages
Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
Currencies
Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark (KM)

At a Glance

54
Oyster Score
Composite index
Health
51
Freedom
66
Security
44
Life Expectancy
74.8 yrs
Median Age
44.9 yrs
Urbanization
51%
Cost Index
41
Housing Index
19
Healthcare Access
58/100

Climate

Average Temperature
10.4°C
Average AQI
79

Most Temperate Cities

1 Trebinje 16.8°C
2 Čapljina 15.8°C
3 Čitluk 15.8°C
4 Bijeljina 12.3°C
5 Domaljevac 12.1°C

Best Air Quality Cities

1 Starcevica 15 AQI
2 Piskavica 15 AQI
3 Opština Oštra Luka 15 AQI
4 Mejdan - Obilićevo 15 AQI
5 Hiseti 15 AQI

Frequently Asked Questions

Sources: World Bank | WHO | Freedom House | OECD · Last updated: 2025