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Angola Education
Education and science & technology indicators
Overview
Education and science & technology indicators for Angola, sourced from the World Bank. Covers literacy, enrollment, expenditure, research output, and more.
Key Indicators
Data Explorer
Primary school starting age is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
Duration of compulsory education is the number of years that children are legally obliged to attend school.
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in tertiary education is the ratio of women to men enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
Tertiary education, academic staff (% female) is the share of female academic staff in tertiary education.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.
Lower secondary school starting age is the age at which students would enter lower secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure on all sectors (including health, education, social services, etc.). It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.
Total population between the ages 15 to 64 as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.
Population between the ages 0 to 14 as a percentage of the total population. Population is based on the de facto definition of population.
Primary duration refers to the number of grades (years) in primary school.
Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.
Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.
Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.
Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes people who are currently employed and people who are unemployed but seeking work as well as first-time job-seekers. Not everyone who works is included, however. Unpaid workers, family workers, and students are often omitted, and some countries do not count members of the armed forces. Labor force size tends to vary during the year as seasonal workers enter and leave.
Secondary duration refers to the number of grades (years) in secondary school.
Preprimary duration refers to the number of grades (years) in preprimary school.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.
Trained teachers in lower secondary education are the percentage of lower secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.
Secondary education, teachers refers to the total number of teachers at secondary level, including full-time and part-time teachers.
Trained teachers in secondary education are the percentage of secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Total number of female students enrolled in vocational programmes at the secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of female students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.
Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organization, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) is expressed as a percentage of GDP. It includes expenditure funded by transfers from international sources to government. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.
Lower secondary education completion rate is measured as the gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary education (general and pre-vocational). It is calculated as the number of new entrants in the last grade of lower secondary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of lower secondary education.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Lower secondary education completion rate is measured as the gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary education (general and pre-vocational). It is calculated as the number of new entrants in the last grade of lower secondary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of lower secondary education.
Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organization, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise.
Number of female children dying before reaching age five.
Trained teachers in lower secondary education are the percentage of lower secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.
Trained teachers in primary education are the percentage of primary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Trained teachers in primary education are the percentage of primary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Trained teachers in primary education are the percentage of primary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.
Number of male children dying before reaching age five.
Primary education, teachers refers to the total number of teachers at primary level, including full-time and part-time teachers.
Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
Trained teachers in lower secondary education are the percentage of lower secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Primary completion rate, or gross intake ratio to the last grade of primary education, is the number of new entrants (enrollments minus repeaters) in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of primary education. Data limitations preclude adjusting for students who drop out during the final year of primary education.
Female teachers as a percentage of total primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Trained teachers in secondary education are the percentage of secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Lower secondary education completion rate is measured as the gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary education (general and pre-vocational). It is calculated as the number of new entrants in the last grade of lower secondary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of lower secondary education.
Trained teachers in upper secondary education are the percentage of upper secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Trained teachers in upper secondary education are the percentage of upper secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Trained teachers in upper secondary education are the percentage of upper secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Adolescents out of school are the percentage of lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in school.
Adolescents out of school are the percentage of lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in school.
Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.
Adolescents out of school are the percentage of lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in school.
Female teachers as a percentage of total secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Trained teachers in secondary education are the percentage of secondary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Secondary education, teachers, female, refers to the total number of female teachers at secondary level, including full-time and part-time teachers.
Children out of school are the percentage of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Children in the official primary age group that are in preprimary education should be considered out of school.
Trained teachers in preprimary education are the percentage of preprimary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Number of deaths of youths ages 20-24 years
Probability of dying between age 5-9 years of age expressed per 1,000 children aged 5, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.
Number of female infants dying before reaching one year of age.
Number of deaths of children ages 5-9 years
Probability of dying between age 20-24 years of age expressed per 1,000 youths age 20, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.
Trained teachers in preprimary education are the percentage of preprimary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
Number of deaths of adolescents ages 10-14 years
Probability of dying between age 10-14 years of age expressed per 1,000 adolescents age 10, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.
Number of male infants dying before reaching one year of age.
Probability of dying between age 15-19 years of age expressed per 1,000 adolescents age 15, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year.
Number of deaths of adolescents ages 15-19 years
Trained teachers in preprimary education are the percentage of preprimary school teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching in a given country.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed lower secondary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed upper secondary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed short-cycle tertiary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed short-cycle tertiary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed short-cycle tertiary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed lower secondary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed post-secondary non-tertiary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed post-secondary non-tertiary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed lower secondary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed upper secondary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed upper secondary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed post-secondary non-tertiary education.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the official entrance age to primary education. The official entrance age is the age at which students would enter a given programme or level of education assuming they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time throughout and progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not always, the most common entrance age.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the official entrance age to primary education. The official entrance age is the age at which students would enter a given programme or level of education assuming they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time throughout and progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not always, the most common entrance age.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the official entrance age to primary education. The official entrance age is the age at which students would enter a given programme or level of education assuming they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time throughout and progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not always, the most common entrance age.
Age at which students would enter upper secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the last grade of primary school as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to lower secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Number of grades (years) in lower secondary education.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to upper secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to lower secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to lower secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Number of grades (years) in upper secondary education.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the last grade of primary school as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to upper secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to upper secondary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to the last grade of primary school as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to pre-primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to pre-primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Bachelor's or equivalent.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to pre-primary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Bachelor's or equivalent.
Number of grades (years) in early childhood education.
Official age when students should enter compulsory education assuming they start at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, study full-time throughout and progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade. The theoretical entrance age to a given programme or level is typically, but not always, the most common entrance age.
Age at which students would enter early childhood education.
Students who have crossed a national or territorial border for the purpose of education and are now enrolled outside their country of origin.
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in primary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
Total number of teachers in public and private lower secondary education institutions (ISCED 2). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Ratio of female school life expectancy to the male school life expectancy. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in secondary school.
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in secondary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to programs at the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment and to provide a bridge between home and school.
Number of students from a given country studying abroad as a percentage of the total tertiary enrolment in that country.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Total number of students in pre-primary education enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body (e.g., non-governmental organisation, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise), expressed as a percentage of total number of students enrolled in pre-primary education. Within ISCED 0, early childhood educational development programmes are targeted at children aged 0 to 2 years; and pre-primary education programmes are targeted at children aged 3 years until the age to start ISCED 1.
Total number of students enrolled in vocational programmes at the upper secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the upper secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.
Total number of female teachers in public and private lower secondary education institutions (ISCED 2). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of students enrolled in vocational programmes at the lower secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the lower secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.
Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for upper secondary to the male gross enrolment ratio for upper secondary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Total number of teachers in public and private pre-primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of female teachers in public and private pre-primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private upper secondary education institutions regardless of age.
Number of female teachers at the pre-primary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the pre-primary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of students enrolled in public and private upper secondary education institutions regardless of age.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private lower secondary education institutions regardless of age.
Total number of students enrolled in public and private lower secondary education institutions regardless of age.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Total number of students enrolled in public and private pre-primary education institutions (ISCED 0.2) regardless of age. Within ISCED 0, early childhood educational development programmes are targeted at children aged 0 to 2 years; and pre-primary education programmes are targeted at children aged 3 years until the age to start ISCED 1.
Total number of teachers in public and private upper secondary education institutions (ISCED 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total male enrollment in upper secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the male population of official upper secondary education age.
Total enrollment in upper secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of official upper secondary education age.
Total number of female students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions regardless of age.
Total male enrollment in lower secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of official lower secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
Number of female teachers at the upper secondary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the upper secondary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Lower secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in lower secondary school.
Total number of students enrolled in vocational programmes at the secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.
Preprimary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in preprimary school.
Number of female teachers at the lower secondary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the lower secondary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private pre-primary education institutions (ISCED 0.2) regardless of age. Within ISCED 0, early childhood educational development programmes are targeted at children aged 0 to 2 years; and pre-primary education programmes are targeted at children aged 3 years until the age to start ISCED 1.
Female population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.
Total number of female teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Total number of male students enrolled in vocational programmes at the secondary education level, expressed as a percentage of the total number of male students enrolled in all programmes (vocational and general) at the secondary level. Vocational education is designed for learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and competencies specific to a particular occupation or trade or class of occupations or trades. Vocational education may have work-based components (e.g. apprenticeships). Successful completion of such programmes leads to labour-market relevant vocational qualifications acknowledged as occupationally-oriented by the relevant national authorities and/or the labour market.
Upper secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in upper secondary school.
Male population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for lower secondary to the male gross enrolment ratio for lower secondary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Total female enrollment in upper secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official upper secondary education age.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to programs at the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment and to provide a bridge between home and school.
Population of the age-group theoretically corresponding to tertiary education as indicated by theoretical entrance age and duration.
Total enrollment in lower secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of official lower secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at secondary level includes enrollments in public and private schools.
Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
The total number of students enrolled at public and private tertiary education institutions.
Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.
The total number of female students enrolled at public and private tertiary education institutions.
Total female enrollment in lower secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of official lower secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to programs at the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment and to provide a bridge between home and school.
Total number of female teachers in public and private upper secondary education institutions (ISCED 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Population, age 12, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 6-11, male is the total number of males age 6-11.
Population, ages 11-15, total is the total population age 11-15.
Population, ages 12-16, male is the total number of males age 12-16.
Population, ages 11-16, female is the total number of females age 11-16.
Population, age 1, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 12-16, female is the total number of females age 12-16.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 11-16, male is the total number of males age 11-16.
Population, age 14, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 7-9, female is the total number of females age 7-9.
Population, age 13, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 12-15, total is the total population age 12-15.
Population, ages 3-5, male is the total number of males age 3-5.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 11-16, total is the total population age 11-16.
Population, ages 12-15, male is the total number of males age 12-15.
Population, ages 11-17, female is the total number of females age 11-17.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 11-18, female is the total number of females age 11-18.
Population, ages 4-6, male is the total number of males age 4-6.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 12-15, female is the total number of females age 12-15.
Population, ages 11-17, total is the total population age 11-17.
Population, ages 11-18, male is the total number of males age 11-18.
Population, ages 6-9, female is the total number of females age 6-9.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 4-6, total is the total population age 4-6.
Population, age 2, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 5-10, total is the total population age 5-10.
Population, age 25, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 6-11, female is the total number of females age 6-11.
Population, ages 7-9, male is the total number of males age 7-9.
Population, age 20, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 11-18, total is the total population age 11-18.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 6-10, female is the total number of females age 6-10.
Population, ages 5-10, male is the total number of males age 5-10.
Population, ages 13-16, male is the total number of males age 13-16.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 7-9, total is the total population age 7-9.
Population, ages 5-10, female is the total number of females age 5-10.
Population, ages 7-10, female is the total number of females age 7-10.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, age 19, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 5-9, total is the total population age 5-9.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed primary education.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed primary education.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, age 16, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 5-9, male is the total number of males age 5-9.
Population, ages 5-11, total is the total population age 5-11.
Population, age 4, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 3-5, female is the total number of females age 3-5.
Population, ages 11-17, male is the total number of males age 11-17.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed primary education.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 6-12, female is the total number of females age 6-12.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 6-12, male is the total number of males age 6-12.
Population, age 6, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions regardless of age.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at primary level include enrollments in public and private schools.
Population, age 9, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Number of male teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the upper secondary level in the given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of male teachers at the upper secondary level.
Number of female teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the upper secondary level in the given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of female teachers at the upper secondary level.
Number of teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the upper secondary level in the given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers at the upper secondary level.
Number of male teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the lower secondary level in the given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of male teachers at the lower secondary level.
Number of teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the lower secondary level in the given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers at the lower secondary level.
Population, ages 6-12, total is the total population age 6-12.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 15-24, total is the total population age 15-24.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, age 21, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.
Population, ages 15-24, male is the total number of males age 15-24.
Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.
Population, ages 7-11, female is the total number of females age 7-11.
Population, ages 7-11, male is the total number of males age 7-11.
Population, ages 15-24, female is the total number of females age 15-24.
Population, ages 7-11, total is the total population age 7-11.
Population, age 7, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, age 18, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 7-12, female is the total number of females age 7-12.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 14-19, total is the total population age 14-19.
Population, age 3, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Total number of female teachers in public and private tertiary education institutions (ISCED 5-8). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Population, ages 14-19, male is the total number of males age 14-19.
Population, ages 7-12, male is the total number of males age 7-12.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Total number of teachers in public and private tertiary education institutions (ISCED 5-8). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Population, ages 7-12, total is the total population age 7-12.
Total number of students in tertiary education enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body (e.g., non-governmental organisation, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise), expressed as a percentage of total number of students enrolled in tertiary education.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed services programmes in the reference year.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed Social Sciences, Journalism and Information programmes in the reference year.
Population, ages 7-13, female is the total number of females age 7-13.
Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.
Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.
Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.
Population, ages 14-19, female is the total number of females age 14-19.
Population, age 0, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 7-13, male is the total number of males age 7-13.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.
Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.
Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.
Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.
Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed engineering, manufacturing and construction programmes in the reference year.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed education programmes in the reference year.
Population, age 10, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 14-18, total is the total population age 14-18.
Population, ages 7-13, total is the total population age 7-13.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Veterinary programmes in the reference year.
Tertiary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in tertiary school.
Population, ages 10-14, female is the total number of females age 10-14.
Population, age 17, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, age 5, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 14-18, male is the total number of males age 14-18.
Population, ages 5-11, female is the total number of females age 5-11.
Population, ages 13-16, total is the total population age 13-16.
Population, ages 10-14, male is the total number of males age 10-14.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed programmes in unspecified fields in the reference year.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 14-18, female is the total number of females age 14-18.
Population, ages 6-9, male is the total number of males age 6-9.
Population, ages 10-14, total is the total population age 10-14.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 13-19, total is the total population age 13-19.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 13-19, male is the total number of males age 13-19.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 13-19, female is the total number of females age 13-19.
Population, ages 10-15, female is the total number of females age 10-15.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Bachelor's or equivalent.
Population, ages 10-15, male is the total number of males age 10-15.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 13-18, total is the total population age 13-18.
Population, ages 10-15, total is the total population age 10-15.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed humanities and arts programmes in the reference year.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics programmes in the reference year.
Population, age 11, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 5-11, male is the total number of males age 5-11.
Population, ages 13-18, male is the total number of males age 13-18.
Population, ages 10-16, female is the total number of females age 10-16.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 13-18, female is the total number of females age 13-18.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 13-17, total is the total population age 13-17.
Population, ages 3-5, total is the total population age 3-5.
Population, ages 13-17, male is the total number of males age 13-17.
Population, ages 10-16, male is the total number of males age 10-16.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 5-9, female is the total number of females age 5-9.
Population, ages 13-17, female is the total number of females age 13-17.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 10-16, total is the total population age 10-16.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 10-17, female is the total number of females age 10-17.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 13-16, female is the total number of females age 13-16.
Population, ages 10-17, male is the total number of males age 10-17.
Population, ages 10-17, total is the total population age 10-17.
Population, age 15, male refers to the male population at the specified age.
Population, ages 12-18, total is the total population age 12-18.
Share of all tertiary graduates who completed health and welfare programmes in the reference year.
Population, ages 10-18, female is the total number of females age 10-18.
Population, ages 12-18, male is the total number of males age 12-18.
Population, ages 6-9, total is the total population age 6-9.
Population, ages 10-18, male is the total number of males age 10-18.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 12-18, female is the total number of females age 12-18.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 10-18, total is the total population age 10-18.
Population, ages 12-17, total is the total population age 12-17.
Population, ages 7-10, male is the total number of males age 7-10.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 12-17, male is the total number of males age 12-17.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 11-15, female is the total number of females age 11-15.
Population, ages 12-17, female is the total number of females age 12-17.
Population, ages 4-6, female is the total number of females age 4-6.
Population, ages 11-15, male is the total number of males age 11-15.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Age population, female refers to female population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Population, ages 12-16, total is the total population age 12-16.
Age population, total refers to total population at the specified age level, as estimated by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Number of female teachers who have received the minimum organized teacher training (pre-service or in-service) required for teaching at the lower secondary level in the given country, expressed as a percentage of the total number of female teachers at the lower secondary level.
Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.
Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the average number of pupils per teacher in primary school.
Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Gender parity index for youth literacy rate is the ratio of females to males ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life.
Total number of males between age 15 and age 24 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Total number of females over age 15 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Total number of youth between age 15 and age 24 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Total number of adults over age 15 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Total number of males over age 15 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
Share of the youth illiterate population that is female.
Share of the adult illiterate population (age 15+) that is female.
Total number of females between age 15 and age 24 who cannot both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Master's or equivalent.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Doctoral or equivalent.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Doctoral or equivalent.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Master's or equivalent.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Master's or equivalent.
The percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed Doctoral or equivalent.
Female share of graduates in the given field of education, tertiary is the number of female graduates expressed as a percentage of the total number of graduates in the given field of education from tertiary education.
Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school.
Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school.
Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school.
Over-age students are the percentage of those enrolled who are older than the official school-age range for primary education.
Over-age students are the percentage of those enrolled who are older than the official school-age range for primary education.
Over-age students are the percentage of those enrolled who are older than the official school-age range for primary education.
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Total male enrollment in primary and secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of official primary and secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Ratio of female gross enrolment ratio for primary to tertiary to the male value for the same indicator. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Total enrollment in primary, secondary and tertiary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of primary school age, secondary school age, and the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. The rate based on completers is calculated by taking the total number of completers in the last grade of primary school divided by the total number of children of official graduation age.
The number of students of the official age for primary education is subtracted from the total population of the same age. The result is expressed as a percentage of the population of the official age for primary education. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in primary and secondary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. The rate based on completers is calculated by taking the total number of completers in the last grade of primary school divided by the total number of children of official graduation age.
Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. The rate based on completers is calculated by taking the total number of completers in the last grade of primary school divided by the total number of children of official graduation age.
Total enrollment in primary and secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of official primary and secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Total female enrollment in primary and secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of official primary and secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Total female enrollment in primary, secondary and tertiary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of primary school age, secondary school age, and the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Total male enrollment in primary, secondary and tertiary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of primary school age, secondary school age, and the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Ratio of female total net enrolment rate for primary to the male total net enrolment rate for primary. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Number of pupils enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of female pupils enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
Number of female pupils in the specified grade who are enrolled in the same grade for a second (or further) year.
The number of female students of the official age for primary education is subtracted from the total female population of the same age. The result is expressed as a percentage of the female population of the official age for primary education. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/
The number of male students of the official age for primary education is subtracted from the total male population of the same age. The result is expressed as a percentage of the male population of the official age for primary education. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/
Ratio of female school life expectancy to the male school life expectancy. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Number of years a person of school entrance age can expect to spend within the specified level of education. For a child of a certain age a, the school life expectancy is calculated as the sum of the age specific enrolment rates for the levels of education specified. The part of the enrolment that is not distributed by age is divided by the school-age population for the level of education they are enrolled in, and multiplied by the duration of that level of education. The result is then added to the sum of the age-specific enrolment rates. A relatively high SLE indicates greater probability for children to spend more years in education and higher overall retention within the education system. It must be noted that the expected number of years does not necessarily coincide with the expected number of grades of education completed, because of repetition. Since school life expectancy is an average based on participation in different levels of education, the expected number of years of schooling may be pulled down by the magnitude of children who never go to school. Those children who are in school may benefit from many more years of education than the average.
Ratio of female school life expectancy to the male school life expectancy. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Number of adolescents of official lower secondary school age who are not enrolled in lower secondary school expressed as a percentage of the population of official lower secondary school age.
Number of females of official lower secondary school age who are not enrolled in lower secondary school expressed as a percentage of the female population of official lower secondary school age.
Number of males of official lower secondary school age who are not enrolled in lower secondary school expressed as a percentage of the male population of official lower secondary school age.
Total number of lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in lower secondary education.
Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Total number of female lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in lower secondary education.
Total number of male lower secondary school age adolescents who are not enrolled in lower secondary education.
Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year (minus the number of repeaters from the last grade of primary education in the given year).
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age.
Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age.
Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age.
Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Ratio of female survival rate to grade 4 to the male survival rate to grade 4. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Number of repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Number of male repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of male enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of male repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of male pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Ratio of female survival rate to the last grade of primary education to the male survival rate to the last grade of primary education. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Percentage of a cohort of students enrolled in the first grade of primary education in a given school year who are expected to reach grade 4, regardless of repetition. Divide the total number of students belonging to a school-cohort who reached each successive grade of primary education by the number of students in the school-cohort i.e. those originally enrolled in the first grade of primary education, and multiply the result by 100. The survival rate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
Ratio of female survival rate to grade 5 to the male survival rate to grade 5. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Percentage of a cohort of male students enrolled in the first grade of primary education in a given school year who are expected to reach grade 4, regardless of repetition. Divide the total number of students belonging to a school-cohort who reached each successive grade of primary education by the number of students in the school-cohort i.e. those originally enrolled in the first grade of primary education, and multiply the result by 100. The survival rate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Percentage of a cohort of female students enrolled in the first grade of primary education in a given school year who are expected to reach grade 4, regardless of repetition. Divide the total number of students belonging to a school-cohort who reached each successive grade of primary education by the number of students in the school-cohort i.e. those originally enrolled in the first grade of primary education, and multiply the result by 100. The survival rate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
Number of female repeaters in a given grade in a given school year, expressed as a percentage of female enrolment in that grade the previous school year. Divide the number of female repeaters in a given grade in school year t+1 by the number of female pupils from the same cohort enrolled in the same grade in the previous school year t.
Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year (minus the number of repeaters from the last grade of primary education in the given year).
Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year (minus the number of repeaters from the last grade of primary education in the given year).
Total number of students enrolled in public and private tertiary education institutions in programmes on the doctoral or equivalent (ISCED 8) level.
Total number of female students enrolled in public and private tertiary education institutions in programmes on the doctoral or equivalent (ISCED 8) level.
Government expenditure per student is the average general government expenditure (current, capital, and transfers) per student in the given level of education, expressed as a percentage of GDP per capita.
Expenditure on secondary education is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure on education. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.
Capital expenditure expressed as a percentage of direct expenditure in public educational institutions (instructional and non-instructional) of the specified level of education. Financial aid to students and other transfers are excluded from direct expenditure. Capital expenditure is for education goods or assets that yield benefits for a period of more than one year. It includes expenditure for construction, renovation and major repairs of buildings and the purchase of heavy equipment or vehicles. Divide capital expenditure in public institutions of a given level of education (ex. primary, secondary, or all levels combined) by total expenditure (current and capital) in public institutions of the same level of education, and multiply by 100. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/
Current expenditure expressed as a percentage of direct expenditure in public educational institutions (instructional and non-instructional) of the specified level of education. Financial aid to students and other transfers are excluded from direct expenditure. Current expenditure is consumed within the current year and would have to be renewed if needed in the following year. It includes staff compensation and current expenditure other than for staff compensation (ex. on teaching materials, ancillary services and administration). Divide all current expenditure in public institutions of a given level of education (ex. primary, secondary, or all levels combined) by total expenditure (current and capital) in public institutions of the same level of education, and multiply by 100. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/
Expenditure on primary education is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure on education. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.
Current expenditure expressed as a percentage of direct expenditure in public educational institutions (instructional and non-instructional). Financial aid to students and other transfers are excluded from direct expenditure. Current expenditure is consumed within the current year and would have to be renewed if needed in the following year. It includes staff compensation and current expenditure other than for staff compensation (ex. on teaching materials, ancillary services and administration). Divide all current expenditure in public institutions by total expenditure (current and capital) in public institutions, and multiply by 100. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/
Current expenditure is expressed as a percentage of direct expenditure in public educational institutions (instructional and non-instructional) of the specified level of education. Financial aid to students and other transfers are excluded from direct expenditure. Current expenditure is consumed within the current year and would have to be renewed if needed in the following year. It includes staff compensation and current expenditure other than for staff compensation (ex. on teaching materials, ancillary services and administration).
Current expenditure is expressed as a percentage of direct expenditure in public educational institutions (instructional and non-instructional) of the specified level of education. Financial aid to students and other transfers are excluded from direct expenditure. Current expenditure is consumed within the current year and would have to be renewed if needed in the following year. It includes staff compensation and current expenditure other than for staff compensation (ex. on teaching materials, ancillary services and administration).
Current expenditure is expressed as a percentage of direct expenditure in public educational institutions (instructional and non-instructional) of the specified level of education. Financial aid to students and other transfers are excluded from direct expenditure. Current expenditure is consumed within the current year and would have to be renewed if needed in the following year. It includes staff compensation and current expenditure other than for staff compensation (ex. on teaching materials, ancillary services and administration).
Current expenditure is expressed as a percentage of direct expenditure in public educational institutions (instructional and non-instructional) of the specified level of education. Financial aid to students and other transfers are excluded from direct expenditure. Current expenditure is consumed within the current year and would have to be renewed if needed in the following year. It includes staff compensation and current expenditure other than for staff compensation (ex. on teaching materials, ancillary services and administration).
Expenditure on tertiary education is expressed as a percentage of total general government expenditure on education. General government usually refers to local, regional and central governments.
Number of female graduates from first degree programmes (at ISCED 6 and 7) expressed as a percentage of the female population of the theoretical graduation age of the most common first degree programme.
Number of male graduates from first degree programmes (at ISCED 6 and 7) expressed as a percentage of the male population of the theoretical graduation age of the most common first degree programme.
Number of graduates from first degree programmes (at ISCED 6 and 7) expressed as a percentage of the population of the theoretical graduation age of the most common first degree programme.
Ratio of female gross graduation ratio to the male value for the same indicator. It is calculated by dividing the female value for the indicator by the male value for the indicator. A GPI equal to 1 indicates parity between females and males. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of males and a value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of females.
Number of students from abroad studying in a given country, as a percentage of the total tertiary enrollment in that country.
Total number of female students who have crossed a national or territorial border for the purpose of education and are now enrolled in tertiary institutions outside their country of origin.
Total number of students who have crossed a national or territorial border for the purpose of education and are now enrolled in tertiary institutions outside their country of origin.
Charges for the use of proprietary rights (such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, industrial processes and designs including trade secrets, franchises), and charges for licenses to reproduce or distribute (or both) intellectual property embodied in produced originals or prototypes (such as copyrights on books and manuscripts, computer software, cinematographic works, and sound recordings) and related rights (such as for live performances and television, cable, or satellite broadcast). This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Charges for the use of proprietary rights (such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, industrial processes and designs including trade secrets, franchises), and charges for licenses to reproduce or distribute (or both) intellectual property embodied in produced originals or prototypes (such as copyrights on books and manuscripts, computer software, cinematographic works, and sound recordings) and related rights (such as for live performances and television, cable, or satellite broadcast). This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery.
High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery.
Article counts refer to publications from a selection of conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journals from Scopus in science and engineering fields, according to the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Taxonomy of Disciplines.
Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.
Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years.
The number of technicians participated in Research & Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Technicians and equivalent staff are people who perform scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods, normally under the supervision of researchers. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
The number of researchers engaged in Research &Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Researchers are professionals who conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models techniques instrumentation, software of operational methods. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
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