Jurisdiction Guide

December to April is the dry season ("verano"), ideal for travel. The wet season (May-November) brings afternoon downpours but lush green landscapes and fewer tourists. The Caribbean coast (Bocas del Toro) has different patterns, September-October are driest. Temperatures are consistent year-round (27-33°C at sea level, cooler in the highlands of Boquete and El Valle).

The US dollar is accepted everywhere, no need to exchange currency. Panamanian balboa coins are identical in size to US coins. Traffic in Panama City is notoriously bad, use the Metro or Uber during rush hours. The Causeway (Calzada de Amador) is perfect for evening walks with skyline views. Casco Viejo (Old Town) is the cultural heart. "Rabiprieto" is the local term for the wealthy; "juega vivo" means being street smart, something you'll need at markets.

Panamanians are warm and friendly. Greetings involve a kiss on the cheek between men and women, handshakes between men. Dress smartly in the city, Panama City is more formal than other Central American capitals. Punctuality is flexible socially ("hora panameña") but expected in business. Family is central to social life. Catholicism is prevalent but religious diversity is respected. Don't be surprised by loud music, it's part of the culture.

Panama City is generally safe in tourist areas (Casco Viejo, Costa del Este, banking district) but neighborhoods like El Chorrillo and Curundú should be avoided. The Darién Gap bordering Colombia is extremely dangerous, never attempt to cross. Use authorized taxis or Uber. Be cautious with valuables on public buses. Rip currents are strong on Pacific beaches. Monitor travel advisories for the Darién and Mosquito Coast regions.

Beyond the Canal, explore the indigenous Guna Yala (San Blas) islands for pristine Caribbean beauty, the cloud forests of Boquete for coffee and hiking, the Pearl Islands for off-the-beaten-path beaches, and Coiba National Park for world-class diving. Santa Catalina is Central America's best surf town. The highland town of El Valle de Antón sits in a volcanic crater. The Biomuseo, designed by Frank Gehry, is architecturally stunning.

Citizens of many countries receive 90-180 day tourist visas on arrival. Panama's Friendly Nations Visa offers permanent residency for citizens of 50+ countries with a job offer or business in Panama. The Pensionado Visa for retirees (minimum $1,000/month pension) offers extensive discounts on transport, dining, entertainment, and healthcare. The Qualified Investor Visa requires $300,000+ in Panama. Digital nomad visas for remote workers are available.

Panama City's Metro (one line, with Line 2 operating) is modern and cheap ($0.35). Uber works well in the city. Yellow taxis don't use meters, always agree on the price first. Air Panama flies to domestic destinations including Bocas del Toro and the San Blas islands. Long-distance buses from Albrook Terminal connect to all provinces. Renting a car is practical for the interior and highland regions. Water taxis connect Bocas del Toro islands.

Panamanian food blends Central American, Caribbean, and international influences. Try sancocho (national chicken soup), ceviche, patacones (fried plantains), arroz con pollo, and carimañolas (yuca fritters). Seafood is exceptional and affordable. Panama City has a diverse international restaurant scene. Seco Herrerano is the national spirit. Balboa and Atlas are local beers. Coffee from Boquete is world-class, especially Geisha beans, among the world's most expensive.

Panama uses the US dollar, providing price transparency. Budget: $40-60/day. Mid-range: $80-150/day. Panama City hotels: $50-150/night for mid-range. Local meals ("menu del día") cost $3-5. Restaurant meals: $10-25. Uber rides across the city: $3-8. The interior and beaches are cheaper than the capital. Retirees benefit from the Pensionado discount program. Groceries are affordable except for imported goods. The banking sector makes money transfers easy.